Mycobiology

The Korean Society of Mycology (한국균학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Phallus chiangmaiensis sp. nov. and a Record of P. merulinus in Thailand

  • Sommai, Sujinda (Plant-Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group (ACBG), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency) ;
  • Khamsuntorn, Phongsawat (Plant-Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group (ACBG), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency) ;
  • Somrithipol, Sayanh (Plant-Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group (ACBG), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency) ;
  • Luangsa-ard, Janet Jennifer (Plant-Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group (ACBG), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency) ;
  • Pinruan, Umpawa (Plant-Microbe Interaction Research Team (APMT), Integrative Crop Biotechnology and Management Research Group (ACBG), BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency)
  • Received : 2021.03.31
  • Accepted : 2021.08.04
  • Published : 2021.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

During the rainy season in Thailand, specimens of Phallus chiangmaiensis sp. nov. and P. merulinus were collected from Chiang Mai and Samut Sakhon Provinces, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU), nuclear ribosomal 5.8S gene including the internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS), and the protein-coding gene atp6 (mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate [ATP] synthase subunit 6) support the placement of the new species within Phallus. Phallus chiangmaiensis has a well-developed white indusium and campanulated caps with reticulate surfaces. It differs morphologically from the related species, as supported by the phylogenetic data. Phallus merulinus is reported here as a species that was re-encountered in Thailand. The descriptions of the species are accompanied by illustrations of macro- and micro- morphological features, and a discussion of the related taxa is presented.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank the project "Shaping modern fungal taxonomy - an integrative approach using morphomolecular characterization, chemotaxonomy, and Next Generation Sequencing of invertebrate-pathogenic fungi and edible mushrooms" from BIOTEC, Grants P-19-50231. We also thank Dr. Theerayut Toojinda for his continued interest and support. Thanks, Mr. Siriwit Saliprasertchok and Ms. Chutchanun Trakulnaleamsai for helping us to collect the specimens.

References

  1. Arora D. Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press; 1986. p. 1056.
  2. Kreisel H. A preliminary survey of the genus Phallus sensu lato. Czech Mycol. 1996;48(4): 273-281. https://doi.org/10.33585/cmy.48407
  3. Liu B, Fan L, Li JZ, et al. Flora fungorum sinicorum. Vol. 23. Beijing: Science Press; 2005. p. 137-171.
  4. Dai YC, Yang ZL. A revised checklist of medicinal fungi in China. Mycosystema. 2008;27:801-824. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-6472.2008.06.001
  5. Dai YC, Zhou LW, Yang ZL, et al. A revised checklist of edible fungi in China. Mycosystema. 2010;29:1-21.
  6. Wu F, Zhou LW, Yang ZL, et al. Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species. Fungal Divers. 2019;98(1):1-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00432-7
  7. Li T, Li TH, Deng W, et al. Phallus dongsun and P. lutescens, two new species of Phallaceae (Basidiomycota) from China. Phytotaxa. 2020; 443(1):19-037. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.443.1.3
  8. Chaiyama V, Mau JL, Keawsompong S. Morphological characteristics, molecular identification and antioxidant activities of Phallus atrovolvatus (Agaricomycetes) isolated from Thailand. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2020;22(8): 743-753. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2020035482
  9. Dai YC, Yang ZL, Cui BK, et al. Species diversity and utilization of medicinal mushrooms and fungi in China (review). Int J Med Mushr. 2009;11(3): 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v11.i3.80
  10. Calonge FD, Kreisel H. Phallus minusculus sp. nova from tropical Africa. Feddes Repert. 2002; 113(7-8):600-602. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.200290007
  11. Kreisel H, Hausknecht A. The gasteral Basidiomycetes of Mascarenes and Seychelles 3. Some recent records. Osterr Z Pilzk. 2002;18:149-159.
  12. Baseia IG, Gibertoni TB, Maia LC. Phallus pygmaeus, a new minute species from a Brazilian tropical rain Forest. Mycotaxon. 2003;85:77-79.
  13. Calonge FD, de Sequeira M, Freitas T, et al. Phallus maderensis sp. nov., found in Madeira. Portugal. Bol Soc Micol Madrid. 2008;32:101-104.
  14. Kasuya T. Phallus luteus comb. nov. a new taxonomic treatment of a tropical phalloid fungus. Mycotaxon. 2008;106:7-13.
  15. Desjardin DE, Perry BA. A new species of Phallus from S~ao Tome, Africa. Mycologia. 2009;101(4): 545-547. https://doi.org/10.3852/08-166
  16. Li HL, Mortimer PE, Karunarathna SC, et al. New species of Phallus from a subtropical forest in xishuangbanna, China. Phytotaxa. 2014;163(2):91-103. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.2.3
  17. Li HL, Ma XL, Mortimer PE, et al. Phallus haitangensis, a new species of stinkhorn from Yunnan province, China. Phytotaxa. 2016;280(2):116-128. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.280.2.2
  18. Reid DA. Some Gasteromycetes from Trinidad and Tobago. Kew Bull. 1977;31(3):657-690. https://doi.org/10.2307/4119418
  19. Hosaka K. Preliminary list of Phallales (Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota) in Thailand. Mem Natl Mus Nat Sci. 2012;48:81-89.
  20. The Royal Horticultural Society. RHS colour chart, sixth revised edition. London; 2015.
  21. O'Donnell K, Cigelnik E, Weber NS, et al. Phylogenetic relationship among ascomycetous truffle and the true and false morels inferred from 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Mycologia. 1997;89(1):48-65. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761172
  22. White TF, Bruns T, Lee S, et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA., Gelfand DH, Sninsky FS, White TJ, editors. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 1990. p. 315-322.
  23. Sakayaroj J. Phylogenetics relationships of marine Ascomycota Ph.D. Thesis, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand; 2005.
  24. Raspe O, Vadthanarat S, Kesel A, et al. Pulveroboletus fragrans, a new Boletaceae species from Northern Thailand, with a remarkable aromatic odor. Mycol Prog. 2016;15:38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1179-7
  25. Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 1999;41:95-98.
  26. Edgar RC. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(5):1792-1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
  27. Miller M, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T. Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop 2010 (GCE), New Orleans, Louisiana, November 2010. p. 1-8.
  28. Swofford DL. PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 4.0b10. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers; 2002.
  29. Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F. MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics. 2001;17(8):754-755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
  30. Cabral TS, Silva BD, Martin MP, et al. Behind the veil-exploring the diversity in Phallus indusiatus s.l. (Phallomycetidae, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys. 2019;58:103-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.58.35324
  31. Cooke MC. Australian fungi. Grevillea. 1882; 11(58):57-65.
  32. Cabral TS, Clement CR, Baseia IG. Amazonian phalloids: new records for Brazil and South america. Mycotaxon. 2015;130(2):315-320. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.315
  33. Liu B. The Gasteromycetes of China. Beih. Nova Hedwigia. 1984;76:1-235.
  34. Cheype JL. Phallaceae et clathrus recoltes en guyane francaise. Bull Mycol Bot Dauphine-Savoie. 2010;197:51-66.
  35. Narasimhan MJ. The Phalloideae of Mysore. J Indian Bot Soc. 1932;11:248-254.
  36. Sridhar KR, Karun NC. On the basket stinkhorn mushroom Phallus merulinus (Phallaceae) in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. J Threat Taxa. 2013; 5(5):3985-3988. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o3312.3985-8
  37. Berkeley MJ. Egg fungi. Intellectual Observer. 1866;9:404.
  38. Patouillard N. Quelques champignons de java. Bull Trimest Soc Mycol Fr. 1898;14:182-198.
  39. Penzig O. Ueber javanische phalloideen. Ann Jard Bot Buitenzorg. 1899;16:133-173.
  40. Fischer E. Untersuchungen zur vergleichenden entwicklungsgeschichte und systematik der phalloideen. Denkschriften Der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft. 1900;36:1-84.
  41. Lloyd CG. The phalloids of Australasia. Mycol Writings. 1907;2:1-24.
  42. Boedijn KB. The Phallineae of The Netherlands East Indies. Bull Jard Bot Buitenzorg Series III. 1932;12:71-103.
  43. Kobayasi Y. On the genus Dictyophora, especially in the East-Asiatic group. Trans Br Mycol Soc Japan. 1965;6:1-10.
  44. Petch T. The Phalloideae of ceylon. Ann Roy Bot Gard. 1908;4:139-184.
  45. Lloyd CG. Mycological notes no. 32. Mycol Writings. 1909;3:413-424.
  46. Lloyd CG. Synopsis of the known Phalloids. Mycological Notes No. 3. Mycol Writings. 1909;3: 1-96.
  47. Lloyd CG. Mycological notes no. 34. Mycol Writings. 1910;3:449-450.
  48. Lloyd CG. Mycological notes no. 35. Mycol Writings. 1910;3:461-476.
  49. Zang M, Zheng D-R, Hu Z-X. A new species of the genus Dictyophora from China. Mycotaxon. 1988;33:145-148.
  50. Song B, Li T, Li TH, et al. Phallus fuscoechinovolvatus (Phallaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species with a dark spinose volva from Southern China. Phytotaxa. 2018;334(1):19-27. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.1.3
  51. Berkeley MJ, Broome CE. List of fungi from Brisbane, Queensland; with descriptions of new species. Part II. Trans Linn Soc Lond. 1883;2: 53-73.
  52. Cunningham GH. The Gasteromycetes of Australia and New Zealand. Dunedin: McIndoe; 1994. p. 236.
  53. Calonge FD, Kreisel H, Mata M. Phallus atrovolvatus, a new species from Costa Rica. Bol Soc Micol Madrid. 2005;29:5-8.
  54. Das K, Hembrom ME, Parihar A. Two interesting species of stinkhorns from India. NeBIO. 2013; 4(4):1-6.
  55. Soytong K. Mushrooms and macrofungi in Thailand. Ubonratchathani: Siritham Offset Publishers Ltd; 1994. p. 222.
  56. Ruksawong P, Flegel TW. Thai mushrooms and other fungi. Bangkok: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and National Science and Technology Development Agency, BIOTEC; 2001. p. 268.
  57. Chandrasrikul A, Suwanarit P, Sangwanit U, et al. Diversity of mushrooms and macrofungi in Thailand. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press; 2008. p. 514.
  58. Sanoamuang N. Wild mushrooms of Thailand: biodiversity and utilization. Bangkok: Universal Graphic and Trading Co., Ltd; 2010. p. 424.
  59. Chandrasrikul A, Suwanarit P, Sangwanit U, et al. Checklist of mushrooms (Basidiomycetes) in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning; 2013. p. 448.
  60. Sangwanit U, Suwanarit P, Payappanon A, et al. Checklists of biological properties: Mushrooms. Bangkok: Biodiversity-Based Economy Development Office (Public Organization); 2013. p. 374.
  61. Calonge FD. A tentative key to identify the species of Phallus. Bol Soc Micol Madrid. 2005;29:9-17.
  62. Baseia IG, Maia LC, Calonge FD. Notes on Phalalles in the neotropics. Bol Soc Micol Madrid. 2006;30:87-93.
  63. Moreno G, Khalid AN, Alvarado P, et al. Phallus hadriani and P. roseus from Pakistan. Mycotaxon. 2013;125(1):45-51. https://doi.org/10.5248/125.45