Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
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The Characteristics of Community-Driven Allotments and Revitalisation of Allotments in Deprived Areas - Focusing on the Case of Sheffield, UK -

커뮤니티 주도 시민농장의 특징과 박탈감 지역의 시민농장 활성화 방안 - 영국 셰필드 시민농장을 사례로 -

  • Nam, Jinvo (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Mokpo National University)
  • 남진보 (국립목포대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2021.01.06
  • Accepted : 2021.10.12
  • Published : 2021.11.05
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Abstract

This study aims to understand the background and characteristics of the UK's allotments, as the UK is one of the nations participating in allotment invigoration. This study will focus on approaches to policy, active governance, and socioeconomic impact. To address this, allotment-related issues, policies since the beginning of the 19th century were analysed. In addition to this, Sheffield City, UK, was selected as a specific case to analyse the framework of allotment management, active governance concerning allotment management, and the residents' perceptions of allotments through a questionnaire survey. It was found first that the UK government, since 1806, has been consistently producing localism policies aiming to devolve management authority into local governments, which actively obtain sites for allotments. Secondly, the structure of allotment management formed in active governance leads the overall maintenance, partnership, income generation, and monitoring of the allotments. Interestingly, the structure of the department organisation of local government in Sheffield established the position of community manager, who encourages community invigoration. However, a gap between socioeconomic aspects was found in which the allotment invigoration in lesser deprived areas outweighs the invigoration in more deprived areas. In contrast, according to the questionnaire survey, respondents in more deprived areas were more likely to be involved in allotment activities and the community. The key to addressing the socioeconomic gap in the context of allotment invigoration is the adoption of the Public-Community-Private-Partnership framework. This will be of great importance to longer-term promotion of beneficial allotment practices.

본 연구의 목적은 시민농장 활성화와 적극적 거버넌스형 체재의 대표적인 국가인 영국의 시민농장 활성화 배경과 특징을 분석하고, 사회·경제적으로 열악한 지역의 시민농장 활성화를 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 방법으로 영국의 19세기 초반 이후 시민농장 관련 정책, 영국 셰필드의 시민농장 운영 체계 및 커뮤니티의 특징, 설문을 통한 시민농장에 대한 인식을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 1806년 일찍이 영국 시민농장 활성화를 위한 정책은 지방정부의 권한 이양과 용지매입을 시작으로 최근까지 지속적으로 관련 정책을 생산하고 있었다. 시민농장의 운영 체계는 적극적 거버넌스의 구조적 지원과 체계로 이루어지고 있었다. 흥미로운 것은 지방정부가 커뮤니티 활성화를 위한 전담 부서를 운영하고 있다는 것이다. 커뮤니티 단체는 권한 이양을 바탕으로 관리, 파트너십, 재원 마련, 모니터링 등을 주도하는 적극적 거버넌스 구조로 되어 있었다. 그러나, 사회·경제적 특징에 따른 시민농장의 활성화에 차이를 보였다. 사회·경제적 지수가 낮은 지역보다 높은 지역에서 높은 활성화 경향을 보였다. 그러나, 설문 조사 결과, 사회·경제적 지수가 낮은 지역에서 시민농장과 커뮤니티 활동 참여 선호에 대한 긍정적 응답이 높았다. 이에 사회·경제적으로 열악한 커뮤니티 활성화를 위해 Public-Community-Private-Partnership 체재 도입의 필요성을 시사하였다. 결론적으로, 공공부문의 커뮤니티 활성화 정책 지원과 지방정부의 용지매입을 가능케 하는 지속적인 정책, 적극적 거버넌스 체계를 위한 전담 부서 조직 및 커뮤니티 활성화 지원, 사회·경제적 차이에 따른 박탈감 해소를 선행으로 하는 시민농장 활성화를 통해 긍정적 혜택을 모든 이가 누릴 기회를 제공해야 한다. 그러나, 본 연구가 오랜 역사적 정책과 사회적 합의가 이루어진 영국의 사례를 바탕으로 하였기에 국내 도입을 위한 실현가능성의 한계 또한 예상되는 바이다. 그러나, 본 연구를 통해 실현가능성의 한계를 축소화하기 위한 시사점을 제공하기에 연구의 의미를 가진다.

Keywords

References

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