Steel and Composite Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Improving seismic performance of eight-bolt extended end plate moment connection

  • Quayyum, Shahriar (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College) ;
  • Kohany, Timothy R. (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Manhattan College)
  • Received : 2021.02.03
  • Accepted : 2021.08.25
  • Published : 2021.11.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The eight-bolt stiffened extended end plate (8ES) connection is one of the connections prequalified for use in special and intermediate moment frames in ANSI/AISC 358. Simulated seismic testing of 8ES connections has generally shown sound performance with ductile failure modes. However, fast fracture of the beam flange at the stiffener toe has been observed in a recent study and was attributed to the high stress concentration in this region. To address this problem, an unstiffened eight-bolt extended end plate connection in which the stress concentration is eliminated by removing the stiffener, and the bolts are rearranged into an octagonal pattern to ensure uniform distribution of bolt forces, has been recently proposed. The study herein performed detailed finite element analyses with octagonal bolt arrangement to demonstrate that despite the improvements, high strain demands at the beam flange to end plate CJP welds may develop when the proposed unstiffened connection is used in conjunction with deep wide flange beam sections (e.g., W-sections of 900 mm nominal depth). Hence, an extended shear tab is used and analytically evaluated for unreinforced eight-bolt extended end plate connections. The extended heavy shear tab relocates the plastic hinge away from flange weld and slightly delays the onset of strength degradation. Systematic analysis results are developed and presented to demonstrate the enhanced seismic performance of the modified EEP connections and to plan future experimentations and design development.

Keywords

References

  1. Adey, B.T., Grondin, G.Y. and Cheng, J.J.R. (2000), "Cyclic loading of end plate moment connections", Can. J. Civil Eng., 27, 683-701. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-27-4-683
  2. AISC (2005), Steel construction manual, 13th Ed. American Institute of Steel Construction Chicago, IL.
  3. ANSI/AISC 358 (2010), Prequalified Connections for special and intermediate steel moment frames for Seismic Applications. American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.
  4. ANSI/AISC 341 (2010), Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings. American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.
  5. Bari, S. and Hassan, T. (2000), "Anatomy of coupled constitutive models for ratcheting simulation", Int. J. Plast., 16(3), 381-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-6419(99)00059-5.
  6. Chaboche, J.L. (1989), "Constitutive equations for cyclic plasticity and cyclic viscoplasticity", Int. J. Plast., 5(3), 247-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-6419(89)90015-6.
  7. Christopher, R.J. (1968), Calibration of Alloy Steel Bolts, Fritz Engineering Laboratory Report No. 288.11, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.
  8. D'Aniello, M., Tartaglia, R., Costanzo, S. and Landolfo, R. (2017), "Seismic design of extended stiffened end-plate joints in the framework of Eurocodes", J.Constr. Steel Res., 128, 512-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.09.017.
  9. D'Aniello, M., Tartaglia, R., Costanzo, S., Campanella, G., Landolfo, R. and De Martino, A. (2018), "Experimental tests on extended stiffened end-plate joints within equal joints project", Key Eng. Mater., 763, 406-413. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.406.
  10. Eatherton, M., Toellner, B., Watkins, C. and Abbas, E. (2013), The effect of powder actuated fasteners on the seismic performance of protected zones in steel moment frames, Virginia Tech SEM Report Series, Report No. CE/VPI-ST-13/05.
  11. ElSabbagh, A., Sharaf, T., Nagy, S. and ElGhandour, M. (2019), "Behavior of extended end-plate bolted connections subjected to monotonic and cyclic loads", Eng. Struct., 190, 142-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.016.
  12. FEMA-355B (2000), State of the art report on welding and inspection, Prepared by the SAC Joint Venture for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
  13. Ghaderi, M., Gerami, M. and Vahdani, R. (2020), "Performance assessment of bolted extended end-plate moment connections constructed from grade St-37 steel subjected to fatigue", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 32(5), 04020092. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003066
  14. Ghobarah, A., Osman, A. and Korol, R.M. (1990), "Behaviour of extended end-plate connections under cyclic loading", Eng. Struct., 12(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(90)90034-p.
  15. Guo, B., Gu, Q. and Liu F. (2006), "Experimental behavior of stiffened and unstiffened end-plate connections under cyclic loading", J. Struct. Eng., 132(9), 1352-1357. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2006)132:9(1352).
  16. El Kalash, S.N. and Hantouche, E.G. (2019), "Prying effect in unstiffened extended endplate connection with circular bolts configuration", J. Constr. Steel Res.h, 160, 402-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.05.043.
  17. Kaufmann, E.J., Metrovich, B.R. and Pense, A.W. (2001), Characterization of cyclic inelastic strain behavior on properties of A572 Gr. 50 and A913 Gr. 50 rolled sections, ATLSS Report No. 01-13, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA.
  18. Korol, R.M., Ghobarah, A. and Osman, A. (1990), "Extended endplate connections under cyclic loading: Behaviour and design", J. Constr. Steel Res., 16(4), 253-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(90)90030-k.
  19. Krishna, S., Hassan, T., Naceur, I.B., Sai, K. and Cailletaud, G. (2009), "Macro versus micro-scale constitutive models in simulating proportional and nonproportional cyclic and ratcheting responses of stainless steel 304", Int. J. Plast., 25(10), 1910-1949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.12.009.
  20. Morrison, M.L., Quayyum, S. and Hassan, T. (2017), "Performance enhancement of eight-bolt extended end plate moment connections under simulated seismic loading", Eng. Struct., 151, 444-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.08.040.
  21. Morrison, M.L. (2015), Innovative seismic performance enhancement techniques for steel building moment resisting connections, Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
  22. Morrison, M.L. and Hassan, T. (2016), "Resilient welded steel moment connections by enhancing beam buckling resistance", J. Constr. Steel Res., 127, 77-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.07.012.
  23. Morrison, M.L., Schweizer, D.Q., Quayyum, S. and Hassan, T. (2019), "An unstiffened eight-bolt extended end-plate moment connection for special and intermediate moment frames", J. Struct. Eng., 145(7), 04019055. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002332.
  24. Sumner, E.A. and Murray, T.M. (2002), "Behavior of extended end-plate moment connections subject to cyclic loading", J. Struct. Eng., 128(4), 501-508. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2002)128:4(501).
  25. Murray, T.M. and Sumner, E.A. (2003), AISC design guide series 4, Extended end-plate moment connections, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.
  26. Myers, A. (2001), Testing and probabilistic simulation of dutile fracture inititation in structural steel components and weldments, Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
  27. Quayyum, S. (2014), Advanced finite element analyses of moment resisting connections for improving seismic performance and exploring effects of residual stress and fire damage, Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 2014.
  28. Ricles, J.M., Fisher, J.W., Lu, L.W. and Kaufmann, E.J. (2002), "Development of improved welded moment connections for earthquake-resistant design", J. Constr. Steel Res., 58, 565-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0143-974x(01)00095-5.
  29. Roeder, C.W. and Foutch, D.A. (1996), "Experimental results for seismic resistance steel moment frame connections", J. Struct. Eng., 122(6), 581-588. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1996)122:6(581).
  30. SAC/BD-00/06 (2000), Round robin testing of ultrasonic testing technicians, by Shaw, R.E., Jr.
  31. SAC/BD-97/02 (1997), Protocol for fabrication, inspection, testing and documentation of beam-column connection tests and other experimental specimens, by Clark, P., Frank, K., Krawinkler, H., and Shaw, R.
  32. SAC/BD-00/21 (2000), Cyclic testing of bolted moment end-plate connections, by Sumner, E.A., Mays, T., and Murray, T.M.
  33. SAC/BD-98/01 (1998), Strength and ductility of FR welded-bolted connections, (El Tawil, S., Mikesell, T., Vidarsson, E. and Kunnath, S.K.)
  34. Shi, G., Shi, Y. and Wang, Y. (2007), "Behaviour of end-plate moment connections under earthquake loading", Eng. Struct., 29(5), 703-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.06.016.
  35. Tartaglia, R., D'Aniello, M., Rassati, G.A., Swanson, J.A. and Landolfo, R. (2018a), "Full strength extended stiffened endplate joints: AISC vs recent European design criteria", Eng. Struct., 159, 155-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.12.053.
  36. Tartaglia, R., D'Aniello, M. and Landolfo, R. (2018b), "The influence of rib stiffeners on the response of extended end-plate joints", J. Constr. Steel Res., 148, 669-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.06.025.
  37. Wang, M., Shi, Y., Wang, Y. and Shi, G. (2013), "Numerical study on seismic behaviors of steel frame end-plate connections", J. Constr. Steel Res., 90, 140-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.033.
  38. Yilmaz, O., Bekiroglu, S., Alemdar, F., Arslan, G., Sevim, B. and Ayvaz, Y. (2019), "Experimental investigation of bolted stiffened end-plate and bolted flange-plate connections", Latin Am. J. Solid. Struct., 16(3), e170. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78255089.