Acknowledgement
We would like to appreciate the contributions of the nurses enrolled in this study.
References
- Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Global locations with COVID-19 [Internet]. Cheongju: KDCA; c2021 [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/bdBoardList_Real.do?brdId=1&brdGubun=14&ncvContSeq=&contSeq=&board_id=&gubun=.
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Cases of COVID-19 in Korea [Internet]. Cheongju: KDCA; c2021 [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/bdBoardList_Real.do?brdId=1&brdGubun=11&ncvContSeq=&contSeq=&board_id=&gubun=.
- Yonhap. New cases spike to over 1,800s, further rise in store after holiday. The Korea Herald. 2021 Aug 22; Sect. 01.
- Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 1995;1(1):7-15. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0101.950102
- Kim DH. Supply status of negative pressure isolation rooms: Focused on the neighborhood unit. HIRA Policy Brief. 2020;14(2):29-42.
- WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Practical guidelines for infection control in health care facilities [Internet]. Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific; c2004 [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/206946.
- World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted? [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; c2020 [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-how-is-it-transmitted.
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Expanding 83 negative pressure rooms in preparation for Corona 19 and others [Internet]. Cheongju: KCDC; c2020 [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156392786.
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). Establishing additional infectious disease hospitals in 2021 [Internet]. Cheongju: KDCA; c2021 [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.korea.kr/news/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156431513.
- Central Disease Control Headquarters (CDCH), Central Disaster Management Headquarters (CDMH). Management of medical institutions with coronavirus infection-19 [Internet]. Cheongju, Sejong: CDCH, CDMH; c2021 [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/duBoardList.do?brdId=2&brdGubun=24.
- Seo HG. VENT, CRRT put an intensive care unit in a negative pressure room [Internet]. Seoul: Korean Hospital Association News; c2021 [cited 2021 Jul 16]. Available from: https://www.khanews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=208152.
- Shaukat N, Ali DM, Razzak J. Physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers: A scoping review. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020;13(1):40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-020-00299-5
- Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
- Zheng L, Wang X, Zhou C, Liu Q, Li S, Sun Q, et al. Analysis of the infection status of healthcare workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020;71(16):2109-2113. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa588
- Hao Q, Wang D, Xie M, Tang Y, Dou Y, Zhu L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2021;12:567381. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.567381
- Kunz M, Strasser M, Hasan A. Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on healthcare workers: Systematic comparison between nurses and medical doctors. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 2021;34(4):413-419. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000721
- Al Thobaity A, Alshammari F. Nurses on the frontline against the COVID-19 pandemic: An integrative review. Dubai Medical Journal. 2020;3(3):87-92. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509361
- Shin KR. COVID-19 counter measures and action plan for improvement of nursing treatment. HIRA Research. 2021;1(1):103-107. https://doi.org/10.52937/hira.21.1.1.103
- Poghosyan L, Clarke SP, Finlayson M, Aiken LH. Nurse burnout and quality of care: Cross-national investigation in six countries. Research in Nursing & Health. 2010;33(4):288-298. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20383
- Teng CI, Shyu YI, Chiou WK, Fan HC, Lam SM. Interactive effects of nurse-experienced time pressure and burnout on patient safety: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2010;47(11):1442-1450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.04.005
- Heo YM, Lee M, Jang SJ. Intentions of frontline nurses regarding COVID-19 patient care: A cross-sectional study in Korea. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021;29(6):1880-1888. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13333
- Ran L, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu W, Zhang L, Tan X. Risk factors of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study in a designated hospital of Wuhan in China. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020;71(16):2218-2221. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa287
- Akkus Y, Karacan Y, Guney R, Kurt B. Experiences of nurses working with COVID-19 patients: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. Forthcoming 2021 Jul 26.
- Specht K, Primdahl J, Jensen HI, Elkjaer M, Hoffmann E, Boye LK, et al. Frontline nurses' experiences of working in a COVID-19 ward-a qualitative study. Nursing Open. Forthcoming 2021 Jul 29.
- Alsolami F. Working experiences of nurses during the novel coronavirus outbreak: A qualitative study explaining challenges of clinical nursing practice. Nursing Open. Forthcoming 2021 Jul 17.
- Kim NS, Song E, Park EJ, Jun J, Byun JH, Moon J. A comparative analysis of the impact of European National Health Systems on COVID-19 response. Sejong: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs; 2020 Jul. Report No.: 2020-02.
- Bauer MW, Gaskell G. Qualitative researching with text, image and sound: A practical handbook for social research. London: Sage Publications; 2000. p. 1-374.
- Krueger RA, Casey MA. Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research. 5th ed. Los Angeles (CA): Sage Publications; 2014. p. 1-280.
- Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006;3(2):77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Sandelowski M. The problem of rigor in qualitative research. Advances in Nursing Science. 1986;8(3):27-37. https://doi.org/10.1097/00012272-198604000-00005
- Ali S, Noreen S, Farooq I, Bugshan A, Vohra F. Risk assessment of healthcare workers at the frontline against COVID-19. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020;36 (COVID19-S4):S99-S103. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2790
- Wang J, Zhou M, Liu F. Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020; 105(1):100-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.002
- Chou R, Dana T, Buckley DI, Selph S, Fu R, Totten AM. Epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers: A living rapid review. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2020;173(2):120-136. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1632
- Young A, Aquilina A. Use of virtual reality to support rapid upskilling of healthcare professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. In: Jung T, Dalton J, editors. XR Case Studies: Using Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technology in Business. Cham: Springer; 2021. p. 137-145.
- Suppan L, Abbas M, Stuby L, Cottet P, Larribau R, Golay E, et al. Effect of an E-learning module on personal protective equipment proficiency among prehospital personnel: Webbased randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(8):e21265. https://doi.org/10.2196/21265
- Xia W, Fu L, Liao H, Yang C, Guo H, Bian Z. The physical and psychological effects of personal protective equipment on health care workers in Wuhan, China: A cross-sectional survey study. Journal of Emergency Nursing. 2020;46(6):791-801.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.08.004
- Zerbini G, Ebigbo A, Reicherts P, Kunz M, Messman H. Psychosocial burden of healthcare professionals in times of COVID-19 - a survey conducted at the University Hospital Augsburg. German Medical Science. 2020;18:Doc05. https://doi.org/10.3205/000281
- Yang L, Yin J, Wang D, Rahman A, Li X. Urgent need to develop evidence-based self-help interventions for mental health of healthcare workers in COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Medicine. 2021;51(10):1775-1776. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001385
- Sheng Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Cai C. The influence of experiences of involvement in the COVID-19 rescue task on the professional identity among Chinese nurses: A qualitative study. Journal of Nursing Management. 2020;28(7):1662-1669. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13122
- Kalateh Sadati A, Zarei L, Shahabi S, Heydari ST, Taheri V, Jiriaei R, et al. Nursing experiences of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran: A qualitative study. Nursing Open. 2021;8(1):72-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.604
- Houghton C, Meskell P, Delaney H, Smalle M, Glenton C, Booth A, et al. Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers' adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: A rapid qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;4(4):CD013582. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013582
- Jin D, Lee G. Experiences of nurses at a general hospital in Seoul which is temporarily closed due to COVID-19. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2020;26(4):412-422. https://doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.4.412
- Lee MS, Choe MA. Nurses fighting coronavirus on the frontlines. Perspectives in Nursing Science. 2021;18(1):33-39.
- Lee J. The present and future of infection control policy in Korea. Korean Journal of Healthcare-associated Infection Control and Prevention. 2020;25(2):70-78. https://doi.org/10.14192/kjicp.2020.25.2.70
- Vincent JL, Einav S, Pearse R, Jaber S, Kranke P, Overdyk FJ, et al. Improving detection of patient deterioration in the general hospital ward environment. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2018;35(5):325-333. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000798
- Purnomo AT, Lin DB, Adiprabowo T, Hendria WF. Non-contact monitoring and classification of breathing pattern for the supervision of people infected by COVID-19. Sensors. 2021;21(9):3172. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093172
- Kim Y. Nurses' experiences of care for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus in South Korea. American Journal of Infection Control. 2018;46(7):781-787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2018.01.012
- Lee SM, Lee D. Opportunities and challenges for contactless healthcare services in the post-COVID-19 Era. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2021;167:120712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120712
- Zhou H, Wang X, Du R, Cheng X, Zheng K, Dong S, et al. The work experience of newly recruited male nurses during COVID-19: A qualitative study. Asian Nursing Research. 2021;15(3):203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2021.05.001