생태와환경 (Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment)

  • 제54권3호
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  • Pages.170-189
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  • 2021
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  • 2288-1115(pISSN)
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  • 2288-1123(eISSN)
한국수생태학회 (The Korean Society of Limnology)
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수생태계의 환경유전자(environmental DNA: eDNA) 채집 및 추출기술

Sampling and Extraction Method for Environmental DNA (eDNA) in Freshwater Ecosystems

  • 김건희 (건국대학교 상허생명과학대학 휴먼앤에코케어 센터) ;
  • 류제하 ((주)시온 이엔에스) ;
  • 황순진 (건국대학교 상허생명과학대학 환경보건과학과)
  • Kim, Keonhee (Human and Eco-Care Center, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University) ;
  • Ryu, Jeha (Zion E&S Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Hwang, Soon-jin (Department of Environmental Health, Sanghuh College Life Sciecnce, Konkuk University)
  • 투고 : 2021.09.12
  • 심사 : 2021.09.17
  • 발행 : 2021.09.30
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초록

환경유전자(eDNA)는 다양한 환경(수중, 토양, 대기)에 존재하는 생물체로부터 유래된 유전물질을 의미한다. eDNA는 높은 민감도, 짧은 조사시간 등 많은 장점들이 존재하며 이로 인해 생물 모니터링 및 유해생물과 멸종위기 생물을 탐색하는 분야에 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 이러한 eDNA를 채집하기 위해서는 대상생물 및 대상유전자뿐만 아니라 현장 여과방법 및 eDNA 보존방법과 같이 매우 다양한 항목들을 고려해야 한다. 특히 환경에서 eDNA를 채집하는 방법은 eDNA 농도와 직결되는 항목으로서 적절한 채집방법을 사용하여 eDNA를 채집할 때 정확한 분석결과를 얻을 수 있다. 또한 현장에서 채집한 eDNA를 보존하고 추출하는 과정에서도 정확한 방법을 사용하였을 때 현장에 분포하는 eDNA의 농도를 정확하게 파악할 수 있다. 특히 eDNA 연구를 시작하는 연구자들에게 eDNA 분야는 초기 진입 장벽이 매우 높은 기술로서 이를 위한 기초 자료가 매우 절실하다. 본 연구에서는 본 연구는 eDNA가 수생태계를 연구하기 위한 도구로서 보다 널리 이용되며, eDNA를 이용하기 시작하는 연구자들에게 도움을 주고자 수생태계에서 eDNA를 채집하고 및 운반하는 방법과 실험실에서 eDNA를 추출하는 방법을 소개하고, 보다 간편하고 효율적인 eDNA 채집 도구와 방법을 제시하였다.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a genetic material derived from organisms in various environments (water, soil, and air). eDNA has many advantages, such as high sensitivity, short investigation time, investigation safety, and accurate species identification. For this reason, it is used in various fields, such as biological monitoring and searching for harmful and endangered organisms. To collect eDNA from a freshwater ecosystem, it is necessary to consider the target organism and gene and a wide variety of items, such as on-site filtration and eDNA preservation methods. In particular, the method of collecting eDNA from the environment is directly related to the eDNA concentration, and when collecting eDNA using an appropriate collection method, accurate (good quality) analysis results can be obtained. In addition, in preserving and extracting eDNA collected from the freshwater ecosystem, when an accurate method is used, the concentration of eDNA distributed in the field can be accurately analyzed. Therefore, for researchers at the initial stage of eDNA research, the eDNA technology poses a difficult barrier to overcome. Thus, basic knowledge of eDNA surveys is necessary. In this study, we introduced sampling of eDNA and transport of sampled eDNA in aquatic ecosystems and extraction methods for eDNA in the laboratory. In addition, we introduced simpler and more efficient eDNA collection tools. On this basis, we hope that the eDNA technique could be more widely used to study aquatic ecosystems and help researchers who are starting to use the eDNA technique.

키워드

과제정보

본 논문은 농촌진흥청 공동연구사업(과제번호: PJ0150712021)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.

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