Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

  • 제37권3호
  • /
  • Pages.251-259
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2288-9744(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-9752(eISSN)
강원대학교 산림과학연구소 (Institute of Forest Science, kangwon National University)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Good Governance Assessment in Community Forest of Nepal

  • Rijal, Sandip (Forest Research Institute (Deemed to be) University) ;
  • Subedi, Milan (Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Rampur Campus) ;
  • Chhetri, Ramesh (Forest Research Institute (Deemed to be) University) ;
  • Joshi, Rajeev (Forest Research Institute (Deemed to be) University)
  • 투고 : 2020.09.28
  • 심사 : 2021.05.13
  • 발행 : 2021.09.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The basic for the achievement of the community forestry rests within the Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs). They are responsible to establish good governance, sustainable forest management and improve people's livelihoods. The study aimed to assess the governance score prevailing in CFUGs using stratified random sampling. Our study shows the governance score of 64.17% in community forests with highest 73.94% in Bhotechaur community forest and lowest 56.60% in Tinkanya community forest. Among the eight elements of good governance, consensus-oriented was found highest while responsiveness was lowest in the study area. Further, the independent variables such as well-being ranking (χ2=21.695, df=6, p<0.01), source of income (χ2=20.474, df=6, p<0.01) and education status (χ2=17.450, df=6, p<0.01) has significant impact on governance. Based upon the findings, it is very clear that good governance in CFs are more than average but still not up to the mark. Finally, it calls for rethinking that involving all the stakeholders during planning phases delineating the responsibility and power for correspondents can make possible in achieving sustainability in community forest.

키워드

과제정보

I would like to extent my, first and foremost, gratitude to my respected Advisor, Dr. Salil Dhawan. I greatly appreciate your guidance, encouragement and insightful comments. During the journey of this research, I had received enormous help from my friends whose cooperation and warm support had helped to complete this work timely. I am thankful to brothers Saugat Rijal, Ganesh Thapa friends Ashik Thapa, Abhay Babu Paudel, Subash Giri, Bibek Khadka, Prabha Subedi and forest guard in Lamjung, Trikashi Tamang for assistance in fieldwork. My sincere thanks also goes to my juniors Simant Rimal and Minu Gautam for their moral support and assistance during data entry. Meantime, I should not forget to thank all those respondents for their time and valuable opinion. WWF, Nepal is thanking worthy for believing me and financially supporting this research. I am deeply indebted to my beloved parents, Badri Prasad Rijal and Saraswati Rijal, for the unconditional love, moral and emotional support in my life. Finally, I would like to dedicate this thesis paper to my grandfather Late Govinda Prasad Rijal who was a real example of benevolent human.

참고문헌

  1. Adhikari S, Kingi T, Ganesh S. 2016. Incentives and Community Participation in the Governance of Community Forests in Nepal. Small-Scale For 15: 179-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-015-9316-8
  2. Agarwal B. 2009. Gender and forest conservation: the impact of women's participation in community forest governance. Ecol Econ 68: 2785-2799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.04.025
  3. Aryal K, Laudari HK, Ojha HR. 2020. To what extent is Nepal's community forestry contributing to the sustainable development goals? An institutional interaction perspective. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol 27: 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2019.1627681
  4. Baral JC, Subedi BR. 2000. Some community forestry issues in the Terai, Nepal: where do we go from here? For Trees People Newsl 42: 20-25.
  5. Baral S, Meilby H, Chhetri BB. 2019. The Contested Role of Management Plans in Improving Forest Conditions in Nepal's Community Forests. Int For Rev 21: 37-50.
  6. Barwick M, Ansell D, Pritchard J, Korodaj T. 2014. The role of governance in delivery of natural resource management programmesa case study involving the restoration of freshwater fish communities in the Murray-Darling Basin. Ecol Manag Restor 15: 62-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/emr.12097
  7. Bhandari PKC, Bhusal P, Paudel G, Upadhyaya CP, Chhetri BBK. 2019. Importance of Community Forestry Funds for Rural Development in Nepal. Resources 8: 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources8020085
  8. Bhattarai B. 2016. History of Forestry and Community Forest in Nepal. Imp J Interdiscip Res 2: 424-439.
  9. Bijaya GCD, Cheng S, Xu Z, Bhandari J, Wang L, Liu X. 2016. Community forestry and livelihood in Nepal: a review. J Anim Plant Sci 26: 1-12.
  10. Central Bureau of Statistics. 2012. National Population and Housing Census 2011. Government of Nepal, Kathmandu.
  11. Community Forestry Division. 2014. Guidelines for Community Forestry Development. Department of Forest, Kathmandu.
  12. Cook NJ, Wright GD, Andersson KP. 2017. Local Politics of Forest Governance: Why NGO Support Can Reduce Local Government Responsiveness. World Dev 92: 203-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.005
  13. Cosic D, Dahal S, Kitzmuller M. 2017. Climbing Higher: Toward a Middle-Income Nepal. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
  14. Dahal GR. 2003. Devolution in the Context of Poor Governance: Some Learning from Community Forestry in Nepal. J For Livelihood 2: 17-22.
  15. Department of Forests (DoF). 2017. CFUG Database Record. Department of Forest, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu.
  16. Department of Forests (DoF). 2018. Community Forestry Bulletin. Department of Forests, Kathmandu.
  17. Devkota BP. 2020. Social inclusion and deliberation in response to REDD+ in Nepal's community forestry. For Policy Econ 111: 102048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102048
  18. DFID Nepal, World Bank Nepal Office. 2006. Unequal Citizens: Gender, Caste and Ethnic Exclusion in Nepal. Nepal Office, World Bank, Kathmandu.
  19. Djomo AN, Grant JA, Fonyikeh-Bomboh Lucha C, Tchoko Gagoe J, Fonton NH, Scott N, Sonwa DJ. 2018. Forest governance and REDD+ in Central Africa: towards a participatory model to increase stakeholder involvement in carbon markets. Int J Environ Stud 75: 251-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2017.1347358
  20. Guest G, Namey E, McKenna K. 2017. How Many Focus Groups Are Enough? Building an Evidence Base for Nonprobability Sample Sizes. Field Methods 29: 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X16639015
  21. Gupta D, Koontz TM. 2019. Working together? Synergies in government and NGO roles for community forestry in the Indian Himalayas. World Dev 114: 326-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.09.016
  22. Gupte M. 2004. Participation in a Gendered Environment: The Case of Community Forestry in India. Hum Ecol 32: 365-382. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HUEC.0000028086.63366.3d
  23. Howlett M, Rayner J, Tollefson C. 2009. From Government to Governance in Forest Planning? Lessons from the Case of the British Columbia Great Bear Rainforest Initiative. For Policy Econ 11: 383-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2009.01.003
  24. Joshi R, Chhetri R, Yadav K. 2019. Vegetation Analysis in Community Forests of Terai Region, Nepal. Int J Environ 8: 68-82. https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v8i3.26667
  25. Joshi R, Singh H, Chhetri R, Poudel S, Rijal S. 2021. Carbon sequestration potential of community forests: a comparative analysis of soil organic carbon stock in community managed forests of Far-Western Nepal. Eurasian J Soil Sci 10: 96-104.
  26. Kanowski PJ, McDermott CL, Cashore BW. 2011. Implementing REDD+: lessons from analysis of forest governance. Environ Sci Policy 14: 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2010.11.007
  27. Khadka D, Aryal A, Bhatta KP, Dhakal BP, Baral H. 2021. Agroforestry Systems and Their Contribution to Supplying Forest Products to Communities in the Chure Range, Central Nepal. Forests 12: 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030358
  28. Khanal Y, Devkota BP. 2020. Farmers' responsibilization in payment for environmental services: lessons from community forestry in Nepal. For Policy Econ 118: 102237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102237
  29. Lamichhane D, Parajuli R. 2014. How Good is the Governance Status in Community Forestry? A Case Study from Midhills in Nepal. J Ecosyst 2014: 541374.
  30. Maryudi A, Nurrochmat DR, Giessen L. 2018. Research trend: Forest policy and governance- Future analyses in multiple social science disciplines. For Policy Econ 91: 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.02.007
  31. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. 2014. Review of Implementation of the Master Plan for the Forestry Sector: Achievements and Lessons. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu.
  32. Mollick AS, Rahman MK, Khan MNI, Sadath MN. 2018. Evaluation of good governance in a participatory forestry program: A case study in Madhupur Sal forests of Bangladesh. For Policy Econ 95: 123-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.07.014
  33. Nygren A. 2005. Community-based forest management within the context of institutional decentralization in Honduras. World Dev 33: 639-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.11.002
  34. Paudel J. 2018. Community-Managed Forests, Household Fuelwood Use and Food Consumption. Ecol Econ 147: 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.01.003
  35. Piabuo SM, Foundjem-Tita D, Minang PA. 2018. Community forest governance in Cameroon: a review. Ecol Soc 23: 34.
  36. Pokharel BK, Branney P, Nurse M, Malla YB. 2007. Community Forestry: Conserving Forests, Sustaining Livelihoods and Strengthening Democracy. J For Livelihood 6: 8-19.
  37. Pokharel RK, Tiwari KR. 2013. Good Governance Assessment in Nepal's Community Forestry. J Sustain For 32: 549-564. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2013.779902
  38. REDD. 2015. Nepal REDD+ Implementation Framework. REDD Implementation Centre, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Kathmandu.
  39. Sapkota LM, Dhungana H, Poudyal BH, Chapagain B, Gritten D. 2020. Understanding the Barriers to Community Forestry Delivering on its Potential: An Illustration From Two Heterogeneous Districts in Nepal. Environ Manage 65: 463-477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01224-0
  40. Timsina NP. 2002. Political economy of forest resource use and management: an analysis of stakeholders' interests and actions in Nepal's community forest management. PhD thesis. University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
  41. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). 2009. What is Good Governance? UNESCAP, Bangkok.
  42. WWF Nepal. 2013. Chitwan-Annapurna Landscape Biodiversity Important Areas and Linkages. WWF, Kathmandu.
  43. Yadav BD, Bigsby H, MacDonald I, Gautam MK. 2016. Does the actor centred power institution of community forestry favour to non-powerful actor in benefit distribution in Nepal? Int J Plant Anim Environ Sci 6: 114-127.