DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antioxidant and Antimelanogenic Activities of Kimchi-Derived Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532 in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

  • Meng, Ziyao (Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Oh, Sejong (Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2021.04.08
  • Accepted : 2021.05.06
  • Published : 2021.07.28

Abstract

Melanin is a natural skin pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes via a multistage biochemical pathway known as melanogenesis, involving the oxidation and polymerization of tyrosine. Melanogenesis is initiated upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, causing the skin to darken, which protects skin cells from UVB radiation damage. However, the abnormal accumulation of melanin may lead to the development of certain skin diseases, including skin cancer. In this study, the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activities of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of twenty strains were evaluated. Based on the results of 60% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, 21% 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging capacity, and a 50% ascorbic acid equivalent ferric reducing antioxidant power value, Limosilactobacillus fermentum JNU532 was selected as the strain with the highest antioxidant potential. No cytotoxicity was observed in cells treated with the CFS of L. fermentum JNU532. Tyrosinase activity was reduced by 16.7% in CFS-treated B16F10 cells (but not in the cell-free system), with >23.2% reduction in melanin content upon treatment with the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS. The inhibitory effect of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS on B16F10 cell melanogenesis pathways was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The inhibitory effects of the L. fermentum JNU532-derived CFS were mediated by inhibiting the transcription of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF and the protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF. Therefore, L. fermentum JNU532 may be considered a potentially useful, natural depigmentation agent.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Minister of Education, Science, and Technology (NRF-2019R1A2C108764811).

References

  1. Cherie JZ, Glenn R, Gibson. 1998. An overview of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in the functional food concept: perspectives and future strategies. Int. Dairy J. 8: 473-479. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(98)00071-5
  2. Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E, Franz CM, Harris HM, Mattarelli P, et al. 2020. A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 70: 2782-2858. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004107
  3. Parvez S, Malik KA, Ah Kang S, Kim HY. 2006. Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health. J. Appl. Microbiol. 100: 1171-1185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02963.x
  4. Gilliland SE, Staley TE, Bush LJ. 1984. Importance of bile tolerance of Lactobacillus Acidophilus used as a dietary adjunct. J. Dairy Sci. 67: 3045-3051. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81670-7
  5. Paulina M, Katarzyna S. 2017. Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. Nutrients 9: 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9091021
  6. Kim TR, Choi KS, Ji Y, Holzapfel WH, Jeon MG. 2020. Anti-inflammatory effects of Lactobacillus reuteri LM1071 via MAP kinase pathway in IL-1β-induced HT-29 cells. J. Animal Sci. Technol. 62: 864. https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2020.62.6.864
  7. Virtanen T, Pihlanto A, Akkanen S, Korhonen H. 2007. Development of antioxidant activity in milk whey during fermentation with lactic acid bacteria. J. Appl. Microbiol. 102: 106-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03072.x
  8. Divya S, Mary MK, Whitney PB. 2016. Anti-aging effects of probiotics. J. Drugs Dermatol. 15: 9-12.
  9. Kim HR, Kim HG, Jung BJ, You GE, Jang SJ, Chung DK. 2015. Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Mol. Cells 38: 163170.
  10. Berzelius JJ. 1840. Lehrbuch der Chemie, 3rd edn, Vol. 9 (Aus der Schwedischen Handschriff des Verfassers ubersetzt von F. Wohler).
  11. Solano F. 2014. Melanins: Skin pigments and much more-types, structural models, biological functions, and formation routes. New J. Sci. 28: doi.org/10.1155/2014/498276.
  12. Schallreuter KU, Kothari S, Chavan B, Spencer JD. 2007. Regulation of melanogenesis controversies and new concepts. Exp. Dermatol. 17: 395-404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00675.x
  13. Chang TS. 2009. An updated review of tyrosinase inhibitors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 10: 2440-2475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10062440
  14. Bellei B, Maresca V, Flori E, Pitisci A, Larue L, Picardo M. 2010. p38 regulates pigmentation via proteasomal degradation of tyrosinase. J. Biol. Chem. 285: 7288-7299. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.070573
  15. Baek SH, Lee SH. 2015. Sesamol decreases melanin biosynthesis in melanocyte cells and zebrafish: possible involvement of MITF via the intracellular cAMP and p38/JNK signaling pathways. Exp. Dermatol. 24: 761-766. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.12765
  16. Chan CF, Huang CC, Lee MY, Lin YS. 2014. Fermented broth in tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibition. Molecules 19: 13122-13135. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190913122
  17. Vance KW, Goding CR. 2004. The transcription network regulating melanocyte development and melanoma. Pigment Cell Res. 17: 318-325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.2004.00164.x
  18. Yoshinori M, Sergio GC, Rainer W, Sharon AM, Kazumasa W, Barbara ZZ, et al. 2010. Regulation of human skin pigmentation and responses to ultraviolet radiation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 130: 1685-1696. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.5
  19. Beani JC. 2014. Ultraviolet A-induced DNA damage: role in skin cancer. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 198: 273-295.
  20. Pillaiyar T, Manickam M, Namasivayam V. 2017. Skin whitening agents: medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 32: 403-425. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2016.1256882
  21. Blois MS. 1960. Free radicals in biological systems. Science 132: 306-307. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.132.3422.306-a
  22. Fitzpatrick TB. 1960. Albinism: some thoughts on the color problem and integration of dermatology and medicine. J. Invest. Dermatol. 35: 209-214. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.1960.105
  23. Zhang CJ, Pan LJ, Lu WH, Zhou H, Wang N, Zhang TC, et al. 2017. Lactobacillus Plantarum CGMCC8198-fermented milk inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Food Sci. Technol. Res. 23: 669-678. https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.23.669
  24. Md BA, Vivek KB, Lee JI, Zhao PJ, Byeon JH, Ra JS, et al. 2017. Inhibition of melanogenesis by jineol from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans via MAP-Kinase mediated MITF downregulation and the proteasomal degradation of tyrosinase. Sci. Rep. 7: 45858. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45858
  25. Sang JA, Mamoru K, Hideharu I, Lee SM, Ha SK, Lee KH, et al. 2006. Regulation of melanin synthesis by selenium containing carbohydrates. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 54: 281-286. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.54.281
  26. Chung SY, Seo YK, Park JM, Seo MJ, Park JK, Kim JW, et al. 2009. Fermented rice bran downregulates MITF expression and leads to inhibition of alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73: 1704-1710. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.80766
  27. Lee HJ, Yoon HS, Ji Y, Kim HN, Park HJ, Lee JU, et al. 2011. Functional properties of Lactobacillus strains isolated from kimchi. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 145: 155-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.12.003
  28. Tanja L, Erja M, Joanna MKK, Ulla MH, Tanja H, Ninja K, et al. 2009. Probiotic properties of Lactobacillus isolates originating from porcine intestine and feces. Anaerobe 16: 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.08.002
  29. Rocio M, Susana L, Carlota R, Esther J, Maria LM, Jordi X, et al. 2003. Human milk is a source of lactic acid bacteria for the infant gut. J. Pediatr. 143: 754-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.09.028