Acknowledgement
This work was supported by Ildong Bioscience Co.
References
- FAO/WHO. 2001. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation on evaluation of health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. Cordoba, Argentina: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization.
- Kechagia M, Basoulis D, Konstantopoulou S, Dimitriadi D, Gyftopoulou K, Skarmoutsou N, et al. 2013. Health benefits of probiotics: a review. ISRN Nutr. 2013: PMC4045285.
- Lim HJ, Shin HS. 2020. Antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacterium strains: a review. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 30: 1793-1800. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2007.07046
- Ku S, Yang S, Lee HH, Choe D, Johnston TV, Ji GE, et al. 2020. Biosafety assessment of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis AD011 used for human consumption as a probiotic microorganism. Food Control 117: 106985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106985
- O'Shea EF, Cotter PD, Stanton C, Ross RP, Hill CJIjofm. 2012. Production of bioactive substances by intestinal bacteria as a basis for explaining probiotic mechanisms: bacteriocins and conjugated linoleic acid. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 152: 189-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.05.025
- Jin H, Jeong Y, Yoo S-H, Johnston TV, Ku S, Ji GEJMcf. 2019. Isolation and characterization of high exopolysaccharide-producing Weissella confusa VP30 from young children's feces. Microb. Cell Fact. 18: 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-019-1158-1
- GVR. 2019. Probiotics market size, share and trends analysis report by product (food and beverages, dietary supplements), by ingredient (bacteria, yeast), by end use, by distribution channel, and segment forecasts, 2019-2025. Available from https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/probiotics-market. Accessed Mar. 17, 2021.
- Ciorba M. 2012. A gastroenterologist's guide to probiotics. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10: 960-968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2012.03.024
- Lee J-H, O'Sullivan DJJM, Reviews MB. 2010. Genomic insights into bifidobacteria. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 74: 378-416. https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00004-10
- Zuo F, Yu R, Feng X, Chen L, Zeng Z, Khaskheli GB, et al. 2016. Characterization and in vitro properties of potential probiotic Bifidobacterium strains isolated from breast-fed infant feces. Ann. Microbiol. 66: 1027-1037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-015-1187-x
- Tissier H. 1900. Recherches sur la flore intestinale des nourrissons:(etat normal et pathologique). University of Paris.
- Zinedine A, Faid M. 2007. Isolation and characterization of strains of Bifidobacteria with probiotic proprieties in vitro. WJDFS 2: 28-34.
- Sgorbati B, Biavati B, Palenzona D. 1995. The genus Bifidobacterium, pp. 279-306. In Wood BJB, Holzapfeel WH (eds.), The genera of lactic acid bacteria, Ed. Springer, Boston, MA, USA.
- Koirala S, Anal AK. 2021. Probiotics-based foods and beverages as future foods and their overall safety and regulatory claims. Future Foods 3: 100013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100013
- FAO/WHO. 2002. Working group report on drafting guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Ontario: London. UK.
- Kim MJ, Ku S, Kim SY, Lee HH, Jin H, Kang S, et al. 2018. Safety evaluations of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19: 1422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051422
- EFSA. 2012. Guidance on the assessment of bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance. EFSA J. 10: 1-10.
- FAO/WHO. 2006. Probiotics in food: Health and nutritional properties and guidelines for evaluation. World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome: Italy.
- McArthur AG, Waglechner N, Nizam F, Yan A, Azad MA, Baylay AJ, et al. 2013. The comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57: 3348-3357. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00419-13
- Chen L, Zheng D, Liu B, Yang J, Jin Q. 2016. VFDB 2016: hierarchical and refined dataset for big data analysis--10 years on. Nucleic Acids Res. 44: D694-697.
- Arndt D, Grant JR, Marcu A, Sajed T, Pon A, Liang Y, et al. 2016. PHASTER: a better, faster version of the PHAST phage search tool. Nucleic Acids Res. 44: W16-W21. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw387
- Deepika Priyadarshani WM, Rakshit SK. 2011. Screening selected strains of probiotic lactic acid bacteria for their ability to produce biogenic amines (histamine and tyramine). Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 46: 2062-2069. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02717.x
- Charteris W, Kelly P, Morelli L, Collins J. 1998. Antibiotic susceptibility of potentially probiotic Bifidobacterium isolates from the human gastrointestinal tract. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 333-337. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.1998.00342.x
- Alvarez-Cisneros YM, Ponce-Alquicira E. 2018. Antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria, pp. 53-73. In Kumar Y (ed.), Antimicrobial Resistance-A Global Threat, Ed. IntechOpen, London, UK
- Elisha BG, Courvalin P. 1995. Analysis of genes encoding D-alanine: D-alanine ligase-related enzymes in Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus spp. Gene 152: 79-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(94)00692-L
- Martinez D, Molina M, Sanchez J, Moscatelli M, Marinari S. 2016. API ZYM assay to evaluate enzyme fingerprinting and microbial functional diversity in relation to soil processes. Biol. Fertil Soils. 52: 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-015-1055-7
- Desjardins M-L, Roy D, Goulet J. 1990. Growth of bifidobacteria and their enzyme profiles. J. Dairy Sci. 73: 299-307. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(90)78673-0
- Chevalier P, Roy D, Ward P. 1990. Detection of Bifidobacterium species by enzymatic methods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 68: 619-624. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1990.tb05227.x
- Han YR, Youn SY, Ji GE, Park MS. 2014. Production of alpha- and beta-galactosidases from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum RD47. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24: 675-682. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1402.02037
- De Preter V, Raemen H, Cloetens L, Houben E, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K. 2008. Effect of dietary intervention with different pre-and probiotics on intestinal bacterial enzyme activities. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 62: 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602706
- Cole C, Fuller R. 1987. The effect of dietary fat and yoghurt on colonic bacterial enzymes (β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase) associated with colon cancer. Food Microbiol. 4: 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0740-0020(87)90020-7
- Kim DH, Jin YH. 2001. Intestinal bacterial β-glucuronidase activity of patients with colon cancer. Arch Pharm. Res. 24: 564-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02975166
- Barbieri F, Montanari C, Gardini F, Tabanelli G. 2019. Biogenic amine production by lactic acid bacteria: a review. Foods. 8: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8010017
- Ekici K, Omer AK. 2018. Detection of common biogenic amines in fermented sausage produced in Turkey. Data Brief. 20: 1360-1362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2018.08.089
- Lorencova E, Bunkova L, Matoulkova D, Drab V, Pleva P, Kuban V, et al. 2012. Production of biogenic amines by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria isolated from dairy products and beer. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 47: 2086-2091. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03074.x
- Pohanka M. 2020. D-Lactic acid as a metabolite: Toxicology, diagnosis, and detection. Biomed. Res. Int. 2020: 3419034 https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3419034
- Lee DK, Park JE, Kim MJ, Seo JG, Lee JH, Ha NJ. 2015. Probiotic bacteria, B. longum and L. acidophilus inhibit infection by rotavirus in vitro and decrease the duration of diarrhea in pediatric patients. Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol. 39: 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2014.09.006
- Prasirtsak B, Thitiprasert S, Tolieng V, Assabumrungrat S, Tanasupawat S, Thongchul N. 2019. D-Lactic acid fermentation performance and the enzyme activity of a novel bacterium Terrilactibacillus laevilacticus SK5-6. Ann. Microbiol. 69: 1537-1546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-019-01538-8
- Ewaschuk JB, Naylor JM, Zello GA. 2005. D-lactate in human and ruminant metabolism. J. Nutr. 135: 1619-1625. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.7.1619
- Munoz JAM, Chenoll E, Casinos B, Bataller E, Ramon D, Genoves S, et al. 2011. Novel probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 strain active against rotavirus infections. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77: 8775-8783. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.05548-11
- Hansen C. 2019. Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) determination for the intended use of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® FDA.