DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Synthesis of dimeric fluorescent TSPO ligand for detection of glioma

  • Tien Tan Bui (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital) ;
  • Hee-Kwon Kim (Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital)
  • Received : 2021.06.14
  • Accepted : 2021.06.28
  • Published : 2021.06.30

Abstract

TSPO, an 18-kDa translocator protein, is a peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor that has been associated to a variety of biological activities such as apoptosis, steroidogenesis, and cell proliferation. Because TSPO overexpression has been found in various forms of cancer, it has recently become one of the most appealing biological targets for cancer therapies and detection. In order to create new optical imaging agents for improved diagnostics, we synthesized a novel dimeric fluorescent TSPO ligand based on PRB28 structure and SCy5.5. Following the preparation of the novel TSPO ligand, in vivo and ex vivo imaging tests were performed to examine the tumor uptake characteristics of the fluorescent TSPO ligand in a glioma animal model, and it was found that novel TSPO ligand was accumulated in glioma. These results suggested that novel dimeric fluorescent TSPO ligand will be applied to detect glioma.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2021R1A2C1011204).

References

  1. Papadopoulos V, Baraldi M, Guilarte TR, Knudsen TB, Lacapere JJ, Lindemann P, Norenberg MD, Nutt D, Weizman A, Zhang MR, Gavish M. Translocator protein (18 kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006;27:402-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2006.06.005
  2. Papadopoulos V, Liu J, Culty M. Is there a mitochondrial signaling complex facilitating cholesterol import? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007;265:59-64.
  3. Jorda EG, Jimenez A, Verdaguer E, Canudas AM, Folch J, Sureda FX, Camins A, Pallas M. Evidence in favour of a role for peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligands in amplification of neuronal apoptosis. Apoptosis 2005;10:91-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-005-6064-9
  4. Jayakumar AR, Panickar KS, Norenberg MD. Effects on free radical generation by ligands of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in cultured neural cells. J Neurochem 2002;83:1226-1234. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01261.x
  5. Delavoie F, Li H, Hardwick M, Robert JC, Giatzakis C, Peranzi G, Yao ZX, Maccario J, Lacapere JJ, Papadopoulos V. In vivo and in vitro peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor polymerization: functional significance in drug ligand and cholesterol binding. Biochemistry 2003;42:4506-4519. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0267487
  6. Lacapere JJ, Papadopoulos V. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor: structure and function of a cholesterol-binding protein in steroid and bile acid biosynthesis. Steroids 2003;68:569-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-128X(03)00101-6
  7. Chen MK, Guilarte TR. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO): molecular sensor of brain injury and repair. Pharmacol Ther 2008;118:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.12.004
  8. Li F, Liu J, Zheng Y, Garavito RM, Ferguson-Miller S. Crystal structures of translocator protein (TSPO) and mutant mimic of a human polymorphism. Science 2015;347:555-558.
  9. Maaser K, Grabowski P, Sutter AP, Hopfner M, Foss HD, Stein H, Berger G, Gavish M, Zeitz M, Scherubl H. Overexpression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor is a relevant prognostic factor in stage III colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:3205-3209 (2002).
  10. Veenman L, Levin E, Weisinger G, Leschiner S, Spanier I, Snyder SH, Weizman A, Gavish M. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor density and in vitro tumorigenicity of glioma cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2004;68:689-698.
  11. Scarf AM, Ittner LM, Kassiou M. The translocator protein (18 kDa): central nervous system disease and drug design. J Med Chem 2009;52:581-592. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm8011678
  12. Matarrese M, Moresco RM, Cappelli A, Anzini M, Vomero S, Simonelli P, Verza E, Magni F, Sudati F, Soloviev D, Todde S, Carpinelli A, Kienle MG, Fazio F. Labeling and evaluation of N-[11C]methylatedquinoline-2-carboxamides as potential radioligands for visualization of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. J Med Chem 2001;44:579-585. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm001004h
  13. Camsonne R, Moulin MA, Crouzel C, Syrota A, Maziere M, Comar D. Carbon 11 labelling of PK11195 and visualization of benzodiazepine peripheral receptors using positron emission tomography. J Pharmacol 1986;17:383.
  14. Taliani S, Da Settimo F, Da Pozzo E, Chelli B, Martini C. Translocator protein ligands as promising therapeutic tools for anxiety disorders. Curr Med Chem 2009;16:3359-3380. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986709789057653
  15. Trapani A, Palazzo C, de Candia M, Lasorsa FM, Trapani G. Targeting of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO): a valuable approach for nuclear and optical imaging of activated microglia. Bioconjugate Chem 2013;24:1415-1428. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc300666f
  16. Denora N, Laquintana V, Trapani A, Suzuki H, Sawada M, Trapani G. New fluorescent probes targeting the mitochondrial-located translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) as activated microglia imaging agents. Pharm Res 2011;28:2820-2832.
  17. Manning HC, Merchant NB, Foutch AC, Virostko JM, Wyatt SK, Shah C, McKinley ET, Xie J, Mutic NJ, Washington MK, LaFleur B, Tantawy MN, Peterson TE, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Rothenberg ML, Bornhop DJ, Gore JC, Coffey RJ. Molecular imaging of therapeutic response to epidermal growth factor receptor blockade in colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:7413-7422. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0239
  18. Manning HC, Smith SM, Sexton M, Haviland S, Bai M, Cederquist K, Stella N, Bornhop DJ. A peripheral benzodiazepine receptor targeted agent for in vitro imaging and screening. Bioconjugate Chem 2006;17:735-740. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc060020b
  19. Escobedo JO, Rusin O, Lim S, Strongin RM. NIR dyes for bioimaging applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010;14:64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.10.022
  20. Kiyose K, Kojima H, Nagano T. Functional Near Infrared Fluorescent Probes. Asian J Chem 2008;3:506-515. https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.200700267
  21. Hilderbrand SA, Weissleder R. Near-infrared fluorescence: application to in vivo molecular imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010;14:71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.09.029
  22. Wang S, Li B, Zhang F. Molecular Fluorophores for Deep-Tissue Bioimaging. ACS Cent Sci 2020;6:1302-1316. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00544
  23. Pansare VJ, Hejazi S, Faenza WJ, Prud'homme RK. Review of long-wavelength optical and NIR imaging materials: contrast agents, fluorophores, and multifunctional nano carriers. Chem Mater 2012;24:812-827. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm2028367
  24. East AK, Lucero MY, Chan J. New directions of activity-based sensing for in vivo NIR imaging. Chem Sci 2021;12:3393-3405.
  25. Liu HW, Chen L, Xu C, Li Z, Zhang H, Zhang XB, Tan W. Recent progresses in small-molecule enzymatic fluorescent probes for cancer imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2018;47:7140-7180. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00862G
  26. Li JB, Liu HW, Fu T, Wang R, Zhang XB, Tan W. Recent progress in small-molecule near-IR probes for bioimaging. Trends Chem 2019;1:224-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trechm.2019.03.002
  27. Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, Von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D, Cavenee WK, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Kleihues P, Ellison DW. The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 2016;131:803-820. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1
  28. Dhermain FG, Hau P, Lanfermann H, Jacobs AH, van den Bent MJ. Advanced MRI and PET imaging for assessment of treatment response in patients with gliomas. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:906-920.
  29. Kozikowski AP, Kotoula M, Ma D, Boujrad N, Tuckmantel W, Papadopoulos V. Synthesis and biology of a 7-nitro-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl derivative of 2-phenylindole-3-acetamide: a fluorescent probe for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor. J Med Chem 1997;40:2435-2439.
  30. Scarf AM, Kassiou M. The Translocator Protein. J Nucl Med 2011;52:677-680.
  31. Owen DR, Gunn RN, Rabiner EA, Bennacef I, Fujita M, Kreisl WC, Innis RB, Pike VW, Reynolds R, Matthews PM, Parker CA. Mixed-affinity binding in humans with 18-kDa translocator protein ligands. J Nucl Med 2011;52:24-32. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.079459
  32. Briard E, Zoghbi SS, Imaizumi M, Gourley JP, Shetty HU, Hong J, Cropley V, Fujita M, Innis RB, Pike VW. Synthesis and evaluation in monkey of two sensitive [11C]-labeled aryloxyanilide ligands for imaging brain peripheral benzodiazepine receptors in vivo. J Med Chem 2008;51:17-30.
  33. Wang M, Yoder KK, Gao M, Mock BH, Xu XM, Saykin AJ, Hutchins GD, Zheng QH. Fully automated synthesis and initial PET evaluation of [11C]PBR28. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009;19:5636-5639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.051
  34. Giakoumettis D, Kritis A, Foroglou N. C6 cell line: the gold standard in glioma research. Hippokratia 2000;22:105.
  35. Gehlert DR, Yamamura HI, Wamsley JK. Autoradiographic localization of "peripheral-type" benzodiazepine binding sites in the rat brain, heart and kidney. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arc Pharmacol 1985;328:454-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00692915
  36. Awad M, Gavish M. Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in human cerebral cortex, kidney, and colon. Life Sci 1991;49:1155-1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(91)90562-P