DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of corn particle size on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets fed to young pigs and adult sows

  • Ma, Dongli (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhu, Tao (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Yang, Fengjuan (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Zhang, Shuai (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University) ;
  • Huang, Chengfei (State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University)
  • Received : 2020.08.07
  • Accepted : 2020.12.20
  • Published : 2021.09.01

Abstract

Objective: This research was carried out to investigate the effects of corn particle size on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients fed to pigs at four different growth stages and therefore to provide basis for better application of corn in pig feeds. Methods: Eighteen weanling piglets, 18 growing barrows, 24 gestating sows and 24 lactating sows were used in this study. Within each stage, pigs were allotted to 1 of 3 or 4 corn-soybean meal diets which were formulated with different corn particle size in a completely randomized design with 6 replicate pigs per diet. Each stage lasted for 19 days, including 7 days for cages adaptation, 7 days for adaptation to diets and followed by 5 days for total collection of feces and urine. Results: For nursery and growing stages, the results showed that digestible energy content and ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was increased (p<0.05) as the corn particle size reduced. Meanwhile, the metabolizable energy content and ATTD of crude protein (CP) tended to increase. For gestating sows, no differences were found in the ATTD of nutrients among dietary treatments. As for lactating sows, there were linear and quadratic increases (p<0.05) in the ATTD of DM, GE, NDF as the corn being finer milled. Quadratic response in ATTD of ADF and CP (p<0.05) were observed as sows fed with four different diets. Conclusion: Reducing corn particle size can increase digestibility of nutrients fed to young pigs and lactating sows. No effects were observed in present experiment when gestating sows were fed with different particle sized corn.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was funded by National Swine Industry Technology System of China Agriculture Research System (CARS-35).

References

  1. Piao XS, Li DF, Han IK, et al. Evaluation of Chinese brown rice as an alternative energy source in pig diets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2002;15:89-93. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.89
  2. Kim IH, Cao H, Hancock JD, Park JS, Li DF. Effects of processing and genetics on the nutritional value of sorghum in chicks and pigs - review -. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2000;13:1337-44. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.1337
  3. Kim IH, Hancock JD, Hong JW, Cabrera MR, Hines RH, Behnke KC. Corn particle size affects nutritional value of simple and complex diets for nursery pigs and broiler chicks. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2002;15:872-7. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.872
  4. Rojas OJ, Stein HH. Effects of reducing the particle size of corn grain on the concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy and on the digestibility of energy and nutrients in corn grain fed to growing pigs. Livest Sci 2015;181:187-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.09.013
  5. Healy BJ, Hancock JD, Kennedy GA, Bramel-Cox PJ, Behnke KC, Hines RH. Optimum particle-size of corn and hard and soft sorghum for nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 1994;72:2227-36. https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.7292227x
  6. ASAE. Method of determining and expressing fineness of feed materials by sieving (S319.4). St. Joseph, MO, USA: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers;2008.
  7. NRC. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th rev. ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2012.
  8. Kong C, Adeola O. Evaluation of amino acid and energy utilization in feedstuff for swine and poultry diets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014;27:917-25. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2014.r.02
  9. Hortwitz W, Latimer GW. AOAC International. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), 18th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2007.
  10. van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991;74:3583-97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  11. Li EK, Zhu T, Dong WX, Huang CF. Effects of brown rice particle size on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for young pigs and adult sows. Anim Sci J 2019;90:108-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13127
  12. Valencia DG, Serrano MP, Lazaro R, Jimenez-Moreno E, Mateo GG. Influence of micronization (fine grinding) of soya bean meal and full-fat soya bean on the ileal digestibility of amino acids for broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009;150:238-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.08.010
  13. Al-Rabadi GJS, Gilbert RG, Gidley MJ. Effect of particle size on kinetics of starch digestion in milled barley and sorghum grains by porcine alpha-amylase. J Cereal Sci 2009;50:198-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2009.05.001
  14. Dhital S, Shrestha AK, Gidley MJ. Relationship between granule size and in vitro digestibility of maize and potato starches. Carbohydr Polym 2010;82:480-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.018
  15. Bao Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Li L, Zhang P, Huang FR. Effect of particle size of wheat on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and gut microbiota in growing pigs. Livest Sci 2016;183:33-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.013
  16. Fan YF, Guo PP, Yang YY, Xia T, Liu L, Ma YX. Effects of particle size and adaptation duration on the digestible and metabolizable energy contents and digestibility of various chemical constituents in wheat for finishing pigs determined by the direct or indirect method. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017;30:554-61. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0324
  17. Zhao JB, Zhang G, Dong WX, et al. Effects of dietary particle size and fiber source on nutrient digestibility and short chain fatty acid production in cannulated growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019;258:114310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114310
  18. Le Goff G, van Milgen J, Noblet J. Influence of dietary fibre on digestive utilization and rate of passage in growing pigs, finishing pigs and adult sows. Anim Sci 2002;74:503-15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800052668
  19. Noblet J, Le Goff G. Effect of dietary fibre on the energy value of feeds for pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2001;90:35-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00195-X
  20. Wilfart A, Montagne L, Simmins H, Noblet J, van Milgen J. Digesta transit in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of pigs as affected by insoluble fibre supplied by wheat bran. Br J Nutr 2007;98:54-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507682981
  21. de Nanclares MP, Trudeau MP, Hansen JO, et al. High-fiber rapeseed co-product diet for Norwegian Landrace pigs: Effect on digestibility. Livest Sci 2017;203:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2017.06.008
  22. Wondra KJ, Hancock JD, Kennedy GA, Hines RH, Behnke KC. Reducing particle size of corn in lactation diets from 1,200 to 400 ㎛ improves sow and litter performance. J Anim Sci 1995;73:421-6. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.732421x
  23. Ten Napel J, Kemp B, Luiting P, de Vries AG. A biological approach to examine genetic variation in weaning-to-oestrus interval in first-litter sows. Livest Prod Sci 1995;41:81-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(94)00052-9
  24. Zak LJ, Cosgrove JR, Aherne FX, Foxcroft GR. Pattern of feed intake and associated metabolic and endocrine changes differentially affect postweaning fertility in primiparous lactating sows. J Anim Sci 1997;75:208-16. https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.751208x
  25. Lyu ZQ, Wang L, Wu YF, Huang CF. Effects of particle size and lipid form of corn on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for growing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020;33:286-93. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0196
  26. Wondra KJ, Hancock JD, Kennedy GA, Behnke KC, Wondra KR. Effects of reducing particle size of corn in lactation diets on energy and nitrogen metabolism in second-parity sows. J Anim Sci 1995;73:427-32. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.732427x
  27. Rojas OJ, Liu Y, Stein HH. Effects of particle size of yellow dent corn on physical characteristics of diets and growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2016;94:619-28. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9054
  28. Paulk CB, Hancock JD, Fahrenholz AC, Wilson JM, Mckinny LJ, Behnke KC. Effects of sorghum particle size on milling characteristics and growth performance in finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Techol 2015;202:75-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.01.017
  29. Vukmirovic D, Colovic R, Rakita S, Brlek T, Duragic O, Sola-Oriol D. Importance of feed structure (particle size) and feed form (mash vs. pellets) in pig nutrition-a review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017;233:133-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.016