Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics

The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry (대한치과보존학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparative evaluation of Emblica officinalis as an etchant and an MMP inhibitor with orthophosphoric acid and chlorhexidine on the microshear bond strength of composite resin: an ex vivo study

  • Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar (Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research) ;
  • Annapoorna Ballagere Mariswamy (Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research)
  • Received : 2019.07.16
  • Accepted : 2020.09.14
  • Published : 2021.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry or amla) as an acid etchant and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, and to compare its effect on the microshear bond strength of composite resin with orthophosphoric acid (OPA) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as an acid etchant and MMP inhibitor, respectively. Materials and Methods: The etching effect and MMP-inhibiting action of amla on dentin samples were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gelatin zymography, respectively. Dentinal slabs (3 mm thick) from 80 extracted human molars were divided into 10 and 20 samples to form 2 control groups and 3 experimental groups. Groups 1, 2, and 4 were etched with OPA and groups 3 and 5 with amla juice. An MMP inhibitor was then applied: CHX for group 2 and amla extract for groups 4 and 5. Groups 1 and 3 received no MMP inhibitor. All specimens received a standardized bonding protocol and composite resin build-up, and were subjected to microshear bond strength testing. The force at which the fracture occurred was recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: Amla juice had a similar etching effect as a self-etch adhesive in SEM and 100% amla extract was found to inhibit MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. The microshear bond strength values of amla were lower than those obtained for OPA and CHX, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Amla has a promising role as an acid etchant and MMP inhibitor, but further studies are necessary to substantiate its efficacy.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The study was funded under a postgraduate thesis grant by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) No.3/2/Jan.2017/PG-Thesis-HRD (19).

References

  1. Mazzoni A, Angeloni V, Sartori N, Duarte S Jr, Maravic T, Tjaderhane L, Pashley DH, Tay FR, Breschi L. Substantivity of carbodiimide inhibition on dentinal enzyme activity over time. J Dent Res 2017;96:902-908. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517708312
  2. Mazzoni A, Nascimento FD, Carrilho M, Tersariol I, Papa V, Tjaderhane L, Di Lenarda R, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Breschi L. MMP activity in the hybrid layer detected with in situ zymography. J Dent Res 2012;91:467-472. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034512439210
  3. Heshmat H, Jahangiri MH, Hoorizad Ganjkar M, Emami Arjomand M, Kharazifard MJ. Effect of chlorhexidine on micro-shear bond strength of two adhesive systems after aging. J Islam Dent Assoc Iran 2018;30:9-14. https://doi.org/10.30699/JIsdreir.30.1.09
  4. Hass V, Luque-Martinez IV, Gutierrez MF, Moreira CG, Gotti VB, Feitosa VP, Koller G, Otuki MF, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Collagen cross-linkers on dentin bonding: Stability of the adhesive interfaces, degree of conversion of the adhesive, cytotoxicity and in situ MMP inhibition. Dent Mater 2016;32:732-741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.008
  5. Pashley DH, Tay FR, Yiu C, Hashimoto M, Breschi L, Carvalho RM, Ito S. Collagen degradation by host-derived enzymes during aging. J Dent Res 2004;83:216-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300306
  6. Fawzy AS, Priyadarshini BM, Selvan ST, Lu TB, Neo J. Proanthocyanidins-Loaded Nanoparticles Enhance Dentin Degradation Resistance. J Dent Res 2017;96:780-789. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517691757
  7. de Macedo FA, Souza NO, Lemos MV, De-Paula DM, Santiago SL, Feitosa VP. Dentin bonding and physicochemical properties of adhesives incorporated with epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Odontology 2019;107:23-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-018-0367-0
  8. Carrilho MR, Geraldeli S, Tay F, de Goes MF, Carvalho RM, Tjaderhane L, Reis AF, Hebling J, Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Pashley D. In vivo preservation of the hybrid layer by chlorhexidine. J Dent Res 2007;86:529-533. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600608
  9. Breschi L, Martin P, Mazzoni A, Nato F, Carrilho M, Tjaderhane L, Visintini E, Cadenaro M, Tay FR, De Stefano Dorigo E, Pashley DH. Use of a specific MMP-inhibitor (galardin) for preservation of hybrid layer. Dent Mater 2010;26:571-578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.02.007
  10. Jain PK, Das D. Pharmacognostic comparison of bacopa monnieri, cyperus rotundus and emblica officinalis. Innov J Ayruvedic Sci 2016;4:16-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20160401.14
  11. Fujii T, Wakaizumi M, Ikami T, Saito M. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) extract promotes procollagen production and inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human skin fibroblasts. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;119:53-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.039
  12. Abraham S, Kumar MS, Sehgal PK, Nitish S, Jayakumar ND. Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of triphala on PMN-type matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9). J Periodontol 2005;76:497-502. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.4.497
  13. Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Ruggeri A, Cadenaro M, Di Lenarda R, De Stefano Dorigo E. Dental adhesion review: aging and stability of the bonded interface. Dent Mater 2008;24:90-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.02.009
  14. De Munck J, Mine A, Van den Steen PE, Van Landuyt KL, Poitevin A, Opdenakker G, Van Meerbeek B. Enzymatic degradation of adhesive-dentin interfaces produced by mild self-etch adhesives. Eur J Oral Sci 2010;118:494-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00758.x
  15. Green B, Yao X, Ganguly A, Xu C, Dusevich V, Walker MP, Wang Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidins increase collagen biodegradation resistance in the dentin/adhesive interface when included in an adhesive. J Dent 2010;38:908-915.
  16. Susin AH, Alves LS, Melo GP, Lenzi TL. Comparative scanning electron microscopic study of the effect of different dental conditioners on dentin micromorphology. J Appl Oral Sci 2008;16:100-105. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572008000200004
  17. Mazzoni A, Mannello F, Tay FR, Tonti GA, Papa S, Mazzotti G, Di Lenarda R, Pashley DH, Breschi L. Zymographic analysis and characterization of MMP-2 and -9 forms in human sound dentin. J Dent Res 2007;86:436-440.
  18. Gupta P. Natural products as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Nat Prod Chem Res 2016;4:e114.
  19. Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Nato F, Carrilho M, Visintini E, Tjaderhane L, Ruggeri A Jr, Tay FR, Dorigo ES, Pashley DH. Chlorhexidine stabilizes the adhesive interface: a 2-year in vitro study. Dent Mater 2010;26:320-325.
  20. Breschi L, Cammelli F, Visintini E, Mazzoni A, Vita F, Carrilho M, Cadenaro M, Foulger S, Mazzoti G, Tay FR, Di Lenarda R, Pashley D. Influence of chlorhexidine concentration on the durability of etch-and-rinse dentin bonds: a 12-month in vitro study. J Adhes Dent 2009;11:191-198.
  21. Kang HJ, Moon HJ, Shin DHHyun-Jung Kang. Effect of different chlorhexidine application times on microtensile bond strength to dentin in Class I cavities. Restor Dent Endod 2012;37:9-15. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2012.37.1.9
  22. Lapinska B, Klimek L, Sokolowski J, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Dentine surface morphology after chlorhexidine application-SEM study. Polymers (Basel) 2018;10:905.
  23. Ahmed AA, Hassan MM, Abdalla AI. Microshear bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin used in total-etch and self-etch modes. Tanta Dent J 2018;15:91-98. https://doi.org/10.4103/tdj.tdj_52_17
  24. Souza M, Cecchin D, Farina AP, Leite CE, Cruz FF, Pereira CC, Ferraz CC, Figueiredo JA. Evaluation of chlorhexidine substantivity on human dentin: a chemical analysis. J Endod 2012;38:1249-1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.003