References
- Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (1999). Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Pearson Education.
- Boncea, I. J. (2014). Hedging patterns used as mitigation and politeness strategies. Annals of the University of Craiova, 14(2), 7-23.
- Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Chafe, W., & J. Danielewicz. (1987). Properties of spoken and written language. In Horowitz, R., & Samuels, S. J. (Eds.), Comprehending Oral and Written Language (pp. 83-113). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
- Coates, J. (1983). The Semantics of the Modal Auxiliaries. Kent: Croom Helm Ltd.
- Celce-Murcia, M., & Larsen-Freeman, D. (2013). The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
- Granger, S. (1996). From CA to CIA and back: An integrated contrastive approach to computerized bilingual and learner corpora. In Aijmer, K., Altenberg, B., & Johansson, M. (Eds.), Languages in Contrast (pp. 37-51). Lund: Lund University Press.
- Huddleston, R. (1976). Some theoretical issues in the description of the English verb. Lingua, 40, 331-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(76)90084-X
- Ishikawa, S. (2019). The ICNALE spoken dialogue: A new dataset for the study of Asian learners' performance in L2 English interviews. English Teaching, 74(4), 153-177. https://doi.org/10.15858/engtea.74.4.201912.153
- Kennedy, G. (2002). Variation in the distribution of modal verbs in the British national corpus. In Reppen, R., Fitzmaurica, S., & Biber, D. (Eds.), Using Corpora to Explore Linguistic Variation (pp. 73-90). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Konakahara, M. (2011). Requests in Japanese learners' English in comparison with British English and Japanese. Bulletin of the Graduate School of Education of Waseda University, 18(2), 245-260.
- McEnery, T., & Kifle, N. A. (2002). Epistemic modality in argumentative essays of second language writers. In Flowerdew, J. (Ed.), Academic Discourse (pp. 182-195). London: Pearson Education.
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. (2017). Chugakkou gakushu shidou youryou kaisetsu gaikokugo hen [Expository Comments on the Course of Study Guideline for Foreign Languages in Junior High Schools]. Tokyo: Higashiyamasyobo.
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. (2018). Koutougakkou gakushu shidou youryou gaikokugo hen eigo hen [Expository Comments on the Course of Study Guidelines for Foreign Languages in Senior High Schools]. Tokyo: Higashiyamasyobo.
- Mizumoto, A., & Takeuchi, O. (2008). Kenkyu ronbun ni okeru koukaryo houkoku no tameni-kisoteki gainen to chuiten [Basics and considerations for reporting effect sizes in research papers]. Eigokyouiku kenkyu, 31, 57-66.
- Negishi, M., Takada, T., & Tono, Y. (2013). A progress report on the development of the CEFR-J. In Galac zi, E. D., & Weir, C. J. (Eds.), Exploring Language Frameworks (pp. 135-163). Cambridge: Cambrid ge University Press.
- Nozawa, Y. (2014). An analysis of the use of modal verbs in EFL textbooks in terms of politeness strategy of English. The Bulletin of the Graduate School of Education of Waseda University, 22(2), 19-28.
- Palmer, F. R. (1990). Modality and the English Modals. New York: Longman.
- Seog, D. Soon-Young., & Choi, I. (2018). Interlanguage development of young Korean EFL learners' modal usage: A learner corpus study. Linguistic Research, 35, 83-103. https://doi.org/10.17250/khisli.35..201809.004
- Shirato, J., & Stapleton, P. (2007). Comparing English vocabulary in a spoken learner corpus with a native speaker corpus: Pedagogical implications arising from an empirical study in Japan. Language Teaching Research, 11(4), 393-412. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168807080960
- Wilson, A. (2013). Embracing Bayes factors for key item analysis in corpus linguistics. In Bieswanger, M., & Koll-Stobbe, A. (Eds.), New Approaches to the Study of Linguistic Variability (pp. 3-11). Bern: Peter Lang.