Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue (한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제)

Korean Psychological Association of Culture and Social Issues (한국문화및사회문제심리학회)
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The Effects of Income Change and Income Level on Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Examination of Gender Differences

COVID-19 팬데믹 기간의 소득 변화와 소득 수준이 우울에 미치는 영향: 성별에 따른 차이 분석

  • Park, Kyeongwoo (Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Chang, Hyein (Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 박경우 (성균관대학교 심리학과) ;
  • 장혜인 (성균관대학교 심리학과)
  • Received : 2021.09.28
  • Accepted : 2021.11.02
  • Published : 2021.11.30
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Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of the income change and income level during the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals' depression, and to test how those associations may differ by gender. Participants consisted of 634 adults(Mage=44.18, SDage=13.88, 313 females) recruited through an online research company. Participants completed a set of questionnaires that measured income change, average monthly income for the past six months, and the Korean version of CES-D. The results indicated that decreases in income, but not levels of income, significantly predicted levels of depression. Furthermore, both income change and income level interacted with gender to predict depression. Specifically, income change predicted depression only for males, while income level predicted depression only for females. These findings suggest that the effects of income-related indicators on depression during the pandemic may differ by gender. The study also offers practical implications by proposing gender as a potential factor to consider in early identification and intervention to prevent depression during the pandemic.

본 연구는 COVID-19 확산 이후의 소득 변화와 소득 수준이 우울에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 성별의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 참가자는 온라인 조사업체를 통하여 모집한 성인 634명(Mage=44.18, SDage=13.88, 여성 313명)이었다. COVID-19 이후의 소득 변화는 7점 척도로 측정하였고(1="50% 이상 상승," 4="변화 없음," 7="50% 이상 하락"), 소득 수준은 지난 6개월 동안의 월평균 소득을 단답형으로 응답하도록 하였다. 또한, 한국판 CES-D로 최근 일주일 동안 경험한 우울 수준을 측정하였다. 선형회귀분석 결과, 팬데믹 이전에 비해 부정적인 방향으로의 소득 변화가 클수록 우울이 높게 나타났으며, 소득 수준은 우울을 유의하게 예측하지 않았다. PROCESS Macro를 활용한 조절효과 분석에서는 소득 변화와 소득 수준이 각각 성별과 상호작용하여 우울을 예측하였다. 구체적으로, 소득 변화가 우울을 예측하는 결과는 남성에게서만 유의한 반면, 소득 수준이 우울을 예측하는 결과는 여성에게서만 유의하였다. 본 연구는 소득 관련 지표가 팬데믹 기간의 우울에 미치는 영향이 성별에 따라 차별적임을 확인하고, 우울에의 효과적이고 효율적인 개입을 위한 기초지식을 제공한다는 함의를 지닌다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점과 후속연구를 제언하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 2021년도 산업통상자원부 및 한국산업기술평가관리원(KEIT) 연구비 지원에 의한 연구임 (20014967).

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