Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Deformation behavior analysis of tunnels opened in various rock mass grades conditions in China

  • Zhou, Jian (The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University) ;
  • Yang, Xin A. (The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University)
  • Received : 2020.12.19
  • Accepted : 2021.07.08
  • Published : 2021.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The [BQ] method is a rock mass classification method to evaluate the quality of the rock mass and determine the construction parameters. This method is more empirical and cannot provide predictions for the deformation of tunnels after excavation. To predict the surrounding rock deformation of deep-buried tunnels by using the [BQ] method in China, first, data of 52 tunnels were collected and analyzed to determine the relationship between the grades of the surrounding rock, excavation method, burial depth, tunnel span, and surrounding rock deformation. Second, the equivalence of different surrounding rock grades to the range of geological strength index (GSI) scores were determined using methods, such as fitting GSI to another classification system RMR and RMR to BQ, and considering the correction factors of BQ values. This approach provides the basis for theoretical calculations based on the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. On the basis of the Hoek-Brown strength criterion, a theoretical approach to the deformation of surrounding rock under three failure models, namely, elastic-brittle-plastic, strain-softening, and elastic-perfectly-plastic, is presented when considering the installation time of primary support and the volumetric force of bolts. Finally, the theoretical approach is analyzed and compared with the measured data to verify its feasibility. Moreover, the effects of burial depth, grades of surrounding rock, support parameters, support time, and deformation allowance of the surrounding rock are analyzed. Analysis results can provide some guidance for the prediction of surrounding rock deformation of deep-buried tunnels in China.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Financial support was received from the National Natural Science Foundation (51178336), Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Transportation Department (2017038) for the preparation of this manuscript. This financial support is greatly appreciated.

References

  1. Ajalloeian, R. and Mohammadi, M. (2014), "Estimation of limestone rock mass deformation modulus using empirical equations", B. Eng. Geol. Environ. 73(2), 541-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-013-0530-3.
  2. Barton. N., Lien, R. and Lunde, J. (1974), "Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support", Rock. Mech. 6(4), 189-236. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01239496.
  3. Basarir, H., Genis, M. and Ozarslan, A. (2010), "The analysis of radial displacements occurring near the face of a circular opening in weak rock mass", Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min Sci., 47(5), 771-783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.03.010.
  4. Bieniawski, Z.T. (1973), "Engineering classification of jointed rock masses", Civ. Eng. Siviele Ingenieurswese, 1973(12), 335-343.
  5. Bieniawski, Z.T. (1976), "Rock mass classification in rock engineering", Proceedings of the Symposium on Explorer for Rock Engineering, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  6. Bizjak, K.F. and Petkovsek, B. (2004), "Displacement analysis of tunnel support in soft rock around a shallow highway tunnel at Golovec", Eng. Geol., 75(1), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.05.003.
  7. Cai, M., Kaiser, P.K., Tasaka, Y. and Minami, M. (2007), "Determination of residual strength parameters of jointed rock mass using the GSI system", Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min. Sci., 44(2), 247-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2006.07.005.
  8. Carranza-Torres, C. and Fairhurst, C. (1999), "The elasto-plastic response of underground excavations in rock masses that satisfy the Hoek-Brown failure criterion", Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min. Sci., 36(6), 777-809. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0148-9062(99)00047-9.
  9. Carranza-Torres, C. and Fairhurst, C. (2000), "Application of the convergence-confinement method of tunnel design to rock masses that satisfy the Hoek-Brown failure criterion", Tunn. Undergr. Space Tech. 15(2), 187-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(00)00046-8.
  10. Cui, L., Dong, Y.K. and Sheng, Q. (2019), "New numerical procedures for fully-grouted bolt in the rock mass with slip and non-slip cases at the rock-bolt interface", Construct. Build. Mater., 204, 849-863. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.219.
  11. Cui, L., Sheng, Q., Dong, Y.K., Miao, C.X., Huang, J.H. and Zhang, A.J. (2020), "Two-stage analysis of interaction between strain-softening rock mass and liner for circular tunnels", Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2020.1715849.
  12. Cui, L., Sheng, Q., Zheng, J.J., Cui, Z., Wang, A. and Shen, Q. (2019), "Regression model for predicting tunnel strain in strain-softening rock mass for underground openings", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 119, 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2019.04.014
  13. Cui, L., Zheng, J.J., Dong, Y.K., Pan, Y. and Cui, B. (2017), "Prediction of critical strains and critical support pressures for circular tunnel excavated in strain-softening rock mass", Eng. Geol., 224(22),43-61. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.04.022.
  14. Fang, Q., Su, W., Zhang, D.L. and Yu, F.C. (2016), "Tunnel deformation characteristics based on on-site monitoring data", Chinese. J. Rock. Mech. Eng., 35, 1884-1897. https://doi.org/ 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.1663.
  15. Feng, X.D., Jimenez, R., Zeng, P. and Senent, S. (2019), "Prediction of time-dependent tunnel convergences using a Bayesian updating approach", Tunn. Undergr. Space. Tech., 94, 103118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103118.
  16. Former, I.W. (1988), Engineering Properties of Rock, China University of Mining and Technology Press. Xuzhou, China.
  17. Graziani, A., Boldini, D. and Ribacchi, R. (2005), "Practical estimate of deformations and stress relief factors for deep tunnels supported by shotcrete", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 38(5), 345-372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-005-0059-2.
  18. Hoek, E. (1994), "Strength of rock and rock masses", ISRM. News. J., 2, 4-16.
  19. Hoek, E. and Brown, E.T. (1997), "Practical estimates of rock mass strength", Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min. Sci., 34(8), 1165-1186. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(97)00305-7.
  20. Hoek, E. and Diederichs. M.S. (2006), "Empirical estimation of rock mass modulus", Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min. Sci., 43(2), 203-215. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.06.005.
  21. Hoek, E., Carranza-Torres, C. and Corkum, B. (2002), "Hoek-Brown failure criterion-2002 Edition", Proceedings of the NARMS-TAC conference, Toronto, Canada.
  22. Kong, X.Y., Chen, X., Tang, C.A., Sun, Z.R. and Hu, E.H. (2020), "Study on large deformation control technology and engineering application of tunnel with high ground stress and weak broken surrounding rock", Struct. Eng. Int., 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168664.2020.1770664.
  23. Oreste, P.P. (2003), "A procedure for determining the reaction curve of shotcrete lining considering transient conditions", Rock. Mech. Rock. Eng., 36(3),209-236. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00603-002-0043-z.
  24. Osgoui, R.R. and Oreste, P.P. (2010), "Elasto-plastic analytical model for the design of grouted bolts in a Hoek-Brown medium", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Met. Geomech., 34(16), 1651-1686. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/nag.823.
  25. Park, K. (2017), "Simple solutions of an opening in elastic-brittle plastic rock mass by total strain and incremental approaches", Geomech. Eng., 13(4), 585-600. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.13.4.585.
  26. Park, K.H. and Kim, Y.J. (2006), "Analytical solution for a circular opening in an elastic-brittle-plastic rock", Int. J. Rock. Mech. Min. Sci., 43(4), 611-622. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.11.004.
  27. Park, K.H., Tontavanich, P. and Lee, J.G. (2008), "A simple procedure for ground response curve of circular tunnel in elastic-strain softening rock masses", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 23(2), 151-159. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tust.2007.03.002.
  28. Ranjbarnia, M., Rahimpour, N. and Oreste, P. (2020), "A new analytical-numerical solution to analyze a circular tunnel using 3D Hoek-Brown failure criterion", Geomech. Eng., 22(1), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.22.1.011.
  29. Satici, O. and Unver, B. (2015), "Assessment of tunnel portal stability at jointed rock mass: A comparative case study", Comput. Geotech., 64, 72-82. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.11.002.
  30. Wu, K. and Shao. Z.S. (2019), "Study on the effect of flexible layer on support structures of tunnel excavated in viscoelastic rocks", J. Eng. Mech., 145(10), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001657.
  31. Wu, K., Shao, Z., Sharifzadeh, M., Hong, S. and Qin, S. (2021), "Analytical computation of support characteristic curve for circumferential yielding lining in tunnel design", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 13(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.11.005
  32. Wu, K., Shao, Z.S. and Qin, S. (2020a), "An analytical design method for ductile support structures in squeezing tunnels", Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 20, 91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43452-020-00096-0.
  33. Wu, K., Shao, Z.S., Qin, S., Wei, W. and Chu, Z. (2021b), "A critical review on the performance of yielding supports in squeezing tunnels", Tunn. Undergr. Space. Tech., 115, 103815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.103815.
  34. Wu, K., Shao, Z.S., Qin, S., Zhao, N. and Hong, S. (2021c), "An improved non-linear creep model for rock applied to tunnel displacement prediction", Int. J. Appl. Mech., In Press.
  35. Wu, K., Shao, Z.S., Qin, S., Zhao, N. and Hu, H. (2020b), "Analytical-based assessment of effect of highly deformable elements on tunnel lining within viscoelastic rocks", Int. J. Appl. Mech., 12(3), 2050030. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1758825120500301.
  36. Xu, H.F., Chen, F., Wang, B., Hua, Z.M. and Geng, H.S. (2014), "Relationship between RMR and BQ for rock mass classification and estimation of its mechanical parameters", Chinese J. Geotech. Eng. 36 ,195-198. https://doi.org/10.11779/CJGE201401021.
  37. Yertutanol, K., Haluk, A. and Sopac, E. (2020), "Displacement monitoring, displacement verification and stability assessment of the critical sections of the Konak tunnel, zmir, Turkey", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 101,103357. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tust.2020.103357.
  38. Zhang, Y.J., Su, K., Zhou, Li. and Wu, H.G. (2017), "Estimation of ground support installation time based on the tunnel longitudinal displacement of convergence-confinement method", Rock. Soil. Mech., 38(S1), 471-478. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2017.S1.058.
  39. Zhou, J., Yang, X.A., Ma, M.J. and Li, L.H. (2021), "The support load analysis of deep-buried composite lining tunnel in rheological rock mass", Comput. Geotech., 130, 103934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103934.