Acknowledgement
본 연구는 경희대학교 비폭력연구소의 2020-2021 연구비 지원으로 이루어졌음.
References
- Batanova, M. D., & Loukas, A. (2011). Social anxiety and aggression in early adolescents: Examining the moderating roles of empathic concern and perspective taking. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(11), 1534-1543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9634-x
- Batson, C. D., Ahmad, N., Lishner, D. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). Empathy and altruism. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. snyder (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology (pp. 485-498). NY: Oxford University Press.
- Berkowitz, L. (1983). The experience of anger as a parallel process in the display of impulsive, "angry" aggression. In R. G. Green & E. I. donnerstein (Eds.), Aggression: Theoretical and empirical views 1 (pp. 103-134). New York: Academic Press.
- Bushman, B. J. (2002). Does venting anger feed or extinguish the flame? Catharsis, rumination, distraction, anger, and aggressive responding. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(6), 724-731. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202289002
- Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., & Phillips, C. M. (2001). Do people aggress to improve their mood? catharsis beliefs, affect regulation opportunity, and aggressive responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(1), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.81.1.17
- Bushman, B. J., Baumeister, R. F., & Stack, A. D. (1999). Catharsis, aggression, and persuasive influence: Self-fulfilling or self-defeating prophecies?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 367-376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.367
- Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.63.3.452
- Carlo, G., Raffaelli, M., Laible, D. J., & Meyer, K. A. (1999). Why are girls less physically aggressive than boys? Personality and parenting mediators of physical aggression. Sex Roles, 40(9-10), 711-729. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018856601513
- Carlo, G., Roesch, S. C., & Melby, J. (1998). The multiplicative relations of parenting and temperament to prosocial and antisocial behaviors in adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 18(3), 266-290. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431698018003003
- Clark, K. B.(1980). Empathy: A neglected topic in psychological research. American Psychologist, 35(2), 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.35.2.187
- Chung, Y. (2006). The motional characteristics of aggerssive people-with an emphasis on anger responses to the negative emotional events. (Unpublished master's thesis). Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Cohen, D., & Strayer, J. (1996). Empathy in conductdisordered and comparison youth. Developmental Psychology, 32(6), 988-998. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.32.6.988
- Cornell, D. G., Peterson, C. S., & Richards, H. (1999). Anger as a predictor of aggression among incarcerated adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(1), 108-115. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.1.108
- Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 74-101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.74
- Davis, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
- Davis, M. H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113-126. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.44.1.113
- Davis, M. H. (1994). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Davis, M. H. (1996). Empathy: A social psychological approach. Boulder: Westview Press.
- Davis, M. H., & Oathout, H. A.(1987). Maintenance of satisfaction in romantic relationships : Empathy and relational competence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(2), 397-410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.53.2.397
- Decety, J., & Lamm, C. (2006). Human empathy through the lens of social neuroscience. The Scientific World Journal, 6, 1146-1163. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.221
- Denham, S. A., Renwick-DeBardi, S., & Hewes, S. (1994). Emotional communication between mothers and preschoolers: Relations with emotional competence. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40(4), 488-508.
- Dodge, K. A. (1980). Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior. Child development, 51(1), 162-170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1980.tb02522.x
- Dula, C. S., & Ballard, M. E. (2003). Development and evaluation of a measure of dangerous, aggressive, negative emotional, and risky driving. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(2), 263-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01896.x
- Eckhardt, C. I., & Cohen, D. J. (1997). Attention to anger-relevant and irrelevant stimuli following naturalistic insult. Personality and Individual Differences, 23(4), 619-629. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00074-3
- Eisenberg, N. (2000). Emotion, regulation, and moral development. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 665-697. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.665
- Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). Prosocial development. In N. Eisenberg & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional and personality development 4, 5 ed., (pp. 701-78), New York, NY: Wiley.
- Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. A. (1987). The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 91-119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.91
- Eum, Y. J., Lee, K. H., & Sohn, J. H. (2018). Brain function during recall of anger experience according to the level of trait anger. Science of Emotion and Sensibility, 20(3), 49-60.
- Feshbach, N. D. (1975). Empathy in children: some theoretical and empirical considerations. The Counseling Psychologist, 5(2), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/001100007500500207
- Feshbach N. D., & Feshbach S. 2009. Empathy and education. In: Decety J, Ickes W. J., editors. The social neuroscience of empathy (pp. 85-98), Cambridge: The MIT Press.
- Gruhn, D., Rebucal, K., Diehl, M., Lumley, M., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2008). Empathy across the adult lifespan: Longitudinal and experience-sampling findings. Emotion, 8(6), 753-765. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014123
- Hastings, P. D., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1998). Psychophysiological and socialization predictors of empathy and externalizing problems in middle childhood. In annual conference of the American Psychological Associacion.
- Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development, implications for caring and justice. Cambridge University Press, UK.
- Holmgren, R. A., Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1998). The relations of children's situational empathyrelated emotions to dispositional prosocial behaviour. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22(1), 169-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502598384568
- Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Is low empathy related to bullying after controlling for individual and social background variables?. Journal of Adolescence, 34(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.001
- Kaukiainen, A., Bjorkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K., Osterman, K., Salmivalli, C., Rothberg, S., & Ahlbom, A. (1999). The relationships between social intelligence, empathy, and three types of aggression. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 25(2), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1999)25:2<81::AID-AB1>3.0.CO;2-M
- King, Y., & Parker, D. (2008). Driving violations, aggression and perceived consensus. European Review of Applied Psychology, 58(1), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2006.05.001
- Kim, J. H. (2006). Relations among Perspective Taking, Relationship Attribution, Conflict Coping Behavior and Dating Couple Relationship Satisfaction. (Unpublished master's thesis). The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea.
- Kim, S. J. (1999). The Effects of the Adult Attachment Style Upon the Experience of the Anger. (Unpublished master's thesis). Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Korean National Police Agency (2019). Criminal Investigation.
- Lonigro, A., Schneider, B. H., Laghi, F., Baiocco, R., Pallini, S., & Brunner, T. (2015). Is cyberbullying related to trait or state anger?. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46(3), 445-454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0484-0
- Loudin, J. L., Loukas, A., & Robinson, S. (2003). Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 29(5), 430-439. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.10039
- Mancke, F., Herpertz, S. C., Kleindienst, N., & Bertsch, K. (2017). Emotion dysregulation and trait anger sequentially mediate the association between borderline personality disorder and aggression. Journal of Personality Disorders, 31(2), 256-272. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2016_30_247
- Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346
- Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D., & Salovey, P. (2000). Selecting a measure of emotional intelligence: The case for ability scales. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 320-42). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Mehrabian, A. (1997). Relations among personality scales of aggression, violence, and empathy: Validational evidence bearing on the Risk of Eruptive Violence Scale. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 23(6), 433-445. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1997)23:6<433::AID-AB3>3.0.CO;2-H
- Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.1.3
- Parrott, D. J., & Zeichner, A. (2002). Effects of alcohol and trait anger on physical aggression in men. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 63(2), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.2002.63.196
- Plutchik, R. (1980). Emotion. A psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York: Harper & Row.
- Putman, P., Hermans, E., & van Honk, J. (2004). Emotional stroop performance for masked angry faces: it's BAS, not BIS. Emotion, 4(3), 305-311. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.4.3.305
- Richardson, D. R., Hammock, G. S., Smith, S. M., Gardner, W., & Signo, M. (1994). Empathy as a cognitive inhibitor of interpersonal aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 275-289. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:4<275::AID-AB2480200402>3.0.CO;2-4
- Russel, J. A. (1980). A Circumplex Model of Affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(6), 1161-1178. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077714
- Shechtman, Z. (2002). Cognitive and affective empathy in aggressive boys: Implications for counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 24(4), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023316712331
- Shorey, R. C., Cornelius, T. L., & Idema, C. (2011). Trait anger as a mediator of difficulties with emotion regulation and female-perpetrated psychological aggression. Violence and Victims, 26(3), 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.3.271
- Spielberger, C. D. (1980). Preliminary Manual for the State-Trait Anger Scale(STAS). Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida Human Resources Institute.
- Spielberger, C. D., Jacobs, G., Russell, S., & Crane, R. S. (1983). Assessment of anger: The state-trait anger scale. Advances in personality assessment, 2, 161-189.
- Tangney, J. P. (1991). Moral affect: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(4), 598-607. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.598
- Taylor, N., & Signal, T. D. (2005). Empathy and attitudes to animals. Anthrozoos, 18, 18-27. https://doi.org/10.2752/089279305785594342
- Tremblay, R. E., Pihl, R. O., Vitaro, F., & Dobkin, P. L. (1994). Predicting early onset of male antisocial behavior from preschool behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51(9), 732-739. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950090064009
- Todorov, A., & Bargh, J. A. (2002). Automatic sources of aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(00)00036-7
- Welsh, W. N., & Gordon, A. (1991). Cognitive mediators of aggression: Test of a causal model. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 18(2), 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854891018002002
- Wilhelm, M. O., & Bekkers, R. (2010). Helping behavior, dispositional empathic concern, and the principle of care. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73, 11-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272510361435
- Wilkowski, B. M., & Robinson, M. D. (2008). The cognitive basis of trait anger and reactive aggression: An integrative analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868307309874
- Wilkowski, B. M., Robinson, M. D., Gordon, R. D., & Troop-Gordon, W. (2007). Tracking the evil eye: trait anger and selective attention within ambiguously hostile scenes. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(3), 650-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.07.003
- Wilkowski, B. M., & Robinson, M. D. (2010). The anatomy of anger: An integrative cognitive model of trait anger and reactive aggression. Journal of Personality, 78(1), 9-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00607.x
- Yang, M. H., & Kim, E. J. (2007). The empirical study on the adolescents' anger: Its relationship to self-concept clarity and personality traits. Studies on Korean Youth, 18(1), 163-184.
- Yun, J. H., Hyun, M. H., & Kim, I, S. (2004). The effect of trait anger and intent-ambiguity on other-blame and driving anger. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 9(3), 713-728. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105304045366
- Zahn-Waxler, C., Cole, P. M., Welsh, J. D., & Fox, N. A. (1995). Psychophysiological correlates of empathy and prosocial behaviors in preschool children with behavior problems. Development and Psychopathology, 7(1), 27-48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006325
- Zhou, Q., Valiente, C., & Eisenberg, N. (2003). Empathy and its measurement. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 269-284), Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.