Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Advancing real-time hybrid simulation for coupled nonlinear soil-isolator-structure system

  • Li, Hongwei (Key Laboratory of C&PC Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University) ;
  • Maghareh, Amin (School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University) ;
  • Uribe, Johnny W.C. (Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University) ;
  • Montoya, Herta (Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University) ;
  • Dyke, Shirley J. (School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University) ;
  • Xu, Zhaodong (Key Laboratory of C&PC Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University)
  • Received : 2020.08.02
  • Accepted : 2021.03.20
  • Published : 2021.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Experiments involving soil-structure interaction are often constrained by the capacity and other limitations of the shake table. Additionally, it is usually necessary to consider different types of soil in experiments. Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) offers an alternative method to conduct such tests. RTHS is a cyber-physical testing technique that splits the dynamic system under investigation into numerical and physical components, and then realistically couples those components in a single test. A limited number of previous studies involving soil-structure interaction have been conducted using RTHS, with a focus on linear models and systems. The presence of isolators was not considered in these studies to the authors' best knowledge. Herein, we aim to advance the understanding of the RTHS method by developing and demonstrating its use for nonlinear soil-isolator-structure systems. A sliding mode controller able to deal with both system nonlinearities and wide range of potential uncertainties in such tests is designed and validated using a nonlinear shake table with a nonlinear specimen. By simply changing the numerical model and using the same controller and experimental setup, different soil types and ground motions can readily be considered with this approach. Numerical and RTHS results are compared for verification purposes.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors express their appreciation for the support from the program of China Scholarships Council (No. 201706090092), the Priority Academic Program of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (CE02-1-48), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University - Postgraduate Research\&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX170126), Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant Number: 51625803), Changjiang Scholars Program of Ministry of Education of China, Distinguished Professor Program of Jiangsu Province, Peruvian National Council of Science Technology and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC) Fellowship, the US National Science Foundation (Award No. CMMI-1661621) and Purdue University's System Collaboratory Fellows Program.

References

  1. Aldaikh, H., Alexander, N.A., Ibraim, E. and Oddbjornsson, O. (2015), "Two dimensional numerical and experimental models for the study of structure-soil-structure interaction involving three buildings", Comput. Struct., 150, 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2015.01.003
  2. Blakeborough, A., Williams, M.S., Darby, A.P. and Williams, D.M. (2001), "The development of real-time substructure testing", Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 359(1786), 1869-1891. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2001.0877
  3. Calhoun, S.J. and Harvey, P.S. (2018), "Enhancing the teaching of seismic isolation using additive manufacturing", Eng. Struct., 167, 494-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.03.084
  4. Chae, Y., Kazemibidokhti, K. and Ricles, J.M. (2013), "Adaptive time series compensator for delay compensation of servo-hydraulic actuator systems for real-time hybrid simulation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(11), 1697-1715. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2294
  5. Chen, P.C. and Chen, P.C. (2020), "Robust stability analysis of real-time hybrid simulation considering system uncertainty and delay compensation", Smart. Struct. Syst., Int. J., 25(6), 719-732. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.6.719
  6. Chen, P.C., Hsu, S.C., Zhong, Y.J. and Wang, S.J. (2019), "Real-time hybrid simulation of smart base-isolated raised floor systems for high-tech industry", Smart. Struct. Syst., Int. J., 23(1), 91-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.23.1.091
  7. Chopra, A.K. (2012). Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering, (4th Edition), Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
  8. Condori, J., Maghareh, A., Orr, J., Li, H.W., Montoya, H., Dyke, S., Gill, C. and Prakash, A. (2020), "Exploiting parallel computing to control uncertain nonlinear systems in real-time", Exp. Tech., 44(6), 735-749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40799-020-00373-w
  9. Constantinou, M.C. and Kneifati, M.C. (1988), "Dynamics of Soil-Base-Isolated-Structure Systems", J. Struct. Eng., 114(1), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:1(211)
  10. Dyke, S.J., Spencer, B.F., Quast, P. and Sain, M.K. (1995), "Role of control-structure interaction in protective system design", J. Eng. Mech., 121(2), 322-338. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1995)121:2(322)
  11. Ebeido, A., Zayed, M., Kim, K., Wilson, P. and Elgamal, A. (2018), "Large Scale Geotechnical Shake Table Testing at the University of California San Diego", International Congress and Exhibition, Cham, Switzerland, November.
  12. Gao, X.Y., Castaneda, N. and Dyke, S.J. (2013), "Real time hybrid simulation: from dynamic system, motion control to experimental error", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(6), 815-832. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2246
  13. Ghahari, S.F., Abazarsa, F., Ghannad, M.A. and Taciroglu, E. (2013), "Response-only modal identification of structures using strong motion data", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(8), 1221- 1242. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2268
  14. Gomez, D., Dyke, S.J. and Maghareh, A. (2015), "Enabling role of hybrid simulation across NEES in advancing earthquake engineering", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 15(3), 913-929. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.15.3.913
  15. Gueguen, P. and Bard, P.Y. (2005), "Soil-structure and soil-structure-soil interaction: Experimental evidence at the Volvi test site", J. Earthq. Eng., 9(5), 657-693. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460509350561
  16. Guo, J., Tang, Z.Y., Chen, S.C. and Li, Z.B. (2016), "Control strategy for the substructuring testing systems to simulate soilstructure interaction", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 18(6), 1169-1188. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.18.6.1169
  17. Harris, C.M. and Piersol, A.G. (2010), Harris' Shock and Vibration Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA.
  18. Harvey, P.S. and Gavin, H.P. (2013), "The nonholonomic and chaotic nature of a rolling isolation system", J. Sound Vib., 332(14), 3535-3551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2013.01.036
  19. Jangid, R.S. (2005), "Optimum friction pendulum system for near-fault motions", Eng. Struct., 27(3), 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.09.013
  20. Kabeyasawa, T. (2008), "Nonlinear soil-structure interaction theory for low-rise reinforced concrete buildings based on the full-scale shake table test at E-Defense", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, October.
  21. Li, H., Maghareh, A., Montoya, H., Condori, J., Dyke, S. and Xu, Z. (2021), "Sliding mode control design for the benchmark problem in real-time hybrid simulation", Mech. Syst. Signal Proc., 151, 107364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107364
  22. Luco, J.E., Trifunac, M.D. and Wong, H.L. (1988), "Isolation of soil-structure interaction effects by full-scale forced vibration tests", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 16(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290160102
  23. Maghareh, A., Dyke, S.J., Prakash, A. and Rhoads, J.F. (2014), "Establishing a stability switch criterion for effective implementation of real-time hybrid simulation", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 14(6), 1221-1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.14.6.1221
  24. Maghareh, A., Dyke, S., Rabieniaharatbar, S. and Prakash, A. (2017), "Predictive stability indicator: a novel approach to configuring a real-time hybrid simulation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 46(1), 95-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2775
  25. Maghareh, A., Dyke, S.J. and Silva, C.E. (2020), "A Self-tuning Robust Control System for nonlinear real-time hybrid simulation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 49(7), 695-715. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3260
  26. Nakata, N. and Stehman, M. (2014), "Compensation techniques for experimental errors in real-time hybrid simulation using shake tables", Smart. Struct. Syst., Int. J., 14(6), 1055-1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.14.6.1055
  27. Neethu, B. and Das, D. (2019), "Effect of dynamic soil--structure interaction on the seismic response of bridges with elastomeric bearings", Asian J. Civ. Eng., 20, 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-0098-0
  28. Ou, G., Dyke, S.J. and Prakash, A. (2017), "Real time hybrid simulation with online model updating: An analysis of accuracy", Mech. Syst. Signal Proc., 84, 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.06.015
  29. Pais, A. and Kausel, E. (1988), "Approximate formulas for dynamic stiffnesses of rigid foundations", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 7(4), 213-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(88)80005-8
  30. Pioldi, F., Salvi, J. and Rizzi, E. (2017), "Refined FDD modal dynamic identification from earthquake responses with Soil-Structure Interaction", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 127, 47-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2016.10.032
  31. Slotine, J.E. and Li, W. (1991). Applied Nonlinear Control, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.
  32. Spyrakos, C.C., Koutromanos, I.A. and Maniatakis, C.A. (2009), "Seismic response of base-isolated buildings including soil-structure interaction", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29(4), 658-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2008.07.002
  33. Todorovska, M.I. (2002), "Full-scale experimental studies of soil-structure interaction", ISET J. Earthq. Technol., 39(3), 139-165. https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.usc.edu/dist/f/100/files/2018/03/7-1h10zxx.pdf#page=236
  34. Tsai, C.S., Hsueh, C.I. and Su, H.C. (2016), "Roles of soil-structure interaction and damping in base-isolated structures built on numerous soil layers overlying a half-space", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 15(2), 387-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0331-3
  35. Wang, Q., Wang, J.T., Jin, F., Chi, F.D. and Zhang, C.H. (2011), "Real-time dynamic hybrid testing for soil-structure interaction analysis", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31(12), 1690-1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.07.004
  36. Wang, Z., Wu, B., Bursi, O.S., Xu, G.S. and Ding, Y. (2014), "An effective online delay estimation method based on a simplified physical system model for real-time hybrid simulation", Smart Struct. Syst., Int. J., 14(6), 1247-1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.14.6.1247
  37. Zhang, R.Y., Lauenstein, P.V. and Phillips, B.M. (2016), "Real-time hybrid simulation of a shear building with a uni-axial shake table", Eng. Struct., 119, 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.04.022
  38. Zhang, R.Y., Phillips, B.M., Taniguchi, S., Ikenaga, M. and Ikago, K. (2017), "Shake table real-time hybrid simulation techniques for the performance evaluation of buildings with inter-story isolation", Struct. Control. Health Monit., 24(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1971
  39. Zhou, M.X., Wang, J.T., Jin, F., Gui, Y. and Zhu, F. (2014), "Real-Time Dynamic Hybrid Testing Coupling Finite Element and Shaking Table", J. Earthqu. Eng., 18(4), 637-653. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.897276
  40. Zhuang, H.Y., Fu, J.S., Yu, X., Chen, S. and Cai, X.H. (2019), "Earthquake responses of a base-isolated structure on a multi-layered soft soil foundation by using shaking table tests", Eng. Struct., 179, 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.060