Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Awareness and Practice of Sugar Reduction in School Foodservice and the Practice of Nutrition Education in Daegu

대구시 영양(교)사의 학교급식 당류 저감화 인식도와 실천도 및 영양교육 실태

  • Jang, Suhyang (Graduate School of Education, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Kilye (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Yeon-Kyung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University)
  • 장수향 (경북대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) ;
  • 김길례 (경북대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이연경 (경북대학교 식품영양학과 및 장수생활과학연구소)
  • Received : 2021.04.07
  • Accepted : 2021.05.17
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the awareness and practice of reducing sugar in school meals and the status of nutrition education regarding sugar reduction. Methods: An online survey was conducted on 101 nutrition teachers (dietitians) working at elementary, middle, and high schools in Daegu. Results: School nutrition teachers in Daegu recognized the need for efforts to reduce the sugar intake in the Korean diet, and it was found that elementary nutrition teachers were more aware of the implementation of the sugar reduction policy at the national level than middle and high school nutrition teachers (P = 0.002). Among the policies to reduce sugar intake at the national level, there was a high need for the promotion of self-control and limiting the sales of food with high sugar content in schools and their vicinity. The degree of practice for reducing sugar in school meals was found to be higher in the preparation, purchase, and cooking stage compared to the serving stage (P < 0.05). There was a high need for changing the preferences of the subjects for a sweet taste as a means of reducing the sugar in school meals. Thirty-six percent of nutrition teachers conducted sugar reduction education, and sending out school newsletters was the highest type of nutrition education at 80.6%. Conclusions: To effectively promote reduced sugar intake in school meals, it is necessary to change the preference of the subjects for sweetness and to conduct continuous education that can improve the awareness of people for reducing their sugar intake. For this, it is necessary to set aside time for nutrition education and to prepare an institutional framework for providing this education.

본 연구는 대구지역 학교급식의 당류 저감화 인식도와 실천도 및 영양교육 실태를 파악하기 위하여 초등학교와 중·고등학교 영양(교)사를 대상으로 2019년 11월 18일부터 12월 13일까지 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였고 응답자는 101명이었으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대구지역 초중고 영양(교)사들은 한국인의 식생활에서 당류 줄이기 노력의 필요성(4.12점)을 높이 인식하였고, 중고등학교 영양(교)사가 초등학교 영양(교)사에 비하여 학교급식에서 당류 저감화가 더 필요한 것으로 인식하였으며(P = 0.034), 초등학교 영양(교)사가 중·고등학교 영양(교)사보다 국가적 차원에서 당류 저감화 정책을 시행하고 있는 것에 대하여 더 많이 인지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다(P = 0.002). 2. 국가 차원의 당류 줄이기 정책 중 학교(주변)에서 당류 함량 높은 제품의 판매 제한 및 자제 유도(4.26점)에 대한 필요성이 높았고, 다음은 외식용 당류를 줄일 수 있는 조리법과 메뉴 개발 및 지원(4.22점), 학교에서 어린이·청소년 대상 당류 줄이기 교육 강화(4.20점) 등의 순이었다. 3. 대구지역 학교급식 당류 저감화 실천도를 급식단계별로 분석한 결과, 식단작성단계(3.90점), 구매단계(3.86점), 조리단계(3.74점)에서 배식단계(3.54점)에 비하여 당류 저감화 실천도가 높은 것으로 나타났다(P < 0.05). 세부 항목별로는 초등학교에서는 후식은 가공식품보다는 덜 달게 먹을 수 있는 식품으로 대체하기(4.29점), 중·고등학교에서는 단맛을 잘 느낄 수 있는 적정 온도로 배식하기(4.05점)에 대한 실천도가 높았다. 4. 대구지역 학교급식 당류 저감화를 위해 가장 개선되어야 할 사항으로는 급식대상자(학생, 교사)들의 단맛 기호도 변화(4.41점)와 이들의 당류 저감화에 대한 필요성 인식(4.37점)인 것으로 나타났다. 5. 대구지역 영양(교)사들은 당류 저감화 교육 또는 연수경험이 60.4%, 당류 저감화 교육의 유익성은 68.9%, 당류 저감화를 위한 교육자료 및 정보의 불충분성은 59.4%로 나타났다. 학생 대상 당류 저감화 교육은 35.6%가 실시하였고, 교육은 주로 가정통신문 발송(80.6%)과 학교 홈페이지 교육자료 게시(77.8%)의 형태로 이루어졌다. 학교급식 당류 저감화를 보다 활성화하기 위해서는 급식 대상자(학생, 교사)들의 단맛 기호도 변화와 더불어 당류 저감화 필요성에 대한 인식을 높일 수 있도록 지속해서 이들에 대한 당류 저감화 교육과 홍보가 필요하다. 또한 영양(교)사들이 활용할 수 있는 당류 저감화 교육자료 개발 및 이들을 위한 연수 또는 교육의 기회도 확대되어야 할 것이다. 더불어 학생 대상 당류 저감화 교육은 현행 가정통신문 교육보다는 효과적인 교육이 이루어질 수 있도록 교육부에서 실제적인 영양교육 시수 확보 등의 제도적 장치를 마련하는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Morenga LT, Mallard S, Mann J. Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. BMJ 2013; 346: e7492-e7517. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e7492
  2. Dubois L, Farmer A, Girard M, Peterson K. Regular sugar-sweetened beverage consumption between meals increases risk of overweight among preschool-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc 2007; 107(6): 924-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.03.004
  3. Kim SY, Kim MH, Kang MH, Choi MK. Association of total sugars intake with nutrient density and obesity degree in elementary school students in Chungnam. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 2017; 27(2): 176-184. https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2017.4.27.2.176
  4. Chi DL, Scott JM. Added sugar and dental caries in children. Dent Clin North Am 2019; 63(1): 17-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2018.08.003
  5. An M, An H, Hwang HJ, Kwon HJ, Ha M, Hong YC et al. Dietary factors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-aged children. Korean J Community Nutr 2018; 23(5): 397-410. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.5.397
  6. Ministry of Health and Welfare, The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans 2020. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2020.
  7. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Food & Drug Statistical Yearbook. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; 2019 Dec. Report No. 11-1471000-000165-10.
  8. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. The first phase of sugar intake reduction plan. Cheongju: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; 2016.
  9. Yoon EK. Current status of Korean sugar intake and reduction policy. Food Ind Nutr 2018; 23(2): 10-13.
  10. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Ministry of Education. Less sweet, more delicious recipe with reduced sugar in our school. Cheongju: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; 2017. p. 5-21.
  11. Ko YS, Kim EM, Lee HS. A study of dietary intake of total sugars by elementary students in Jeju province. J Nutr Health 2015; 48(1): 81-93. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.1.81
  12. Park YG, Lee EM, Kim CH, Eom JH, Byun JA, Sun NK et al. Survey on the content and intake pattern of sugar from elementary and middle school foodservices in Daejeon and Chungcheong province. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2010; 39(10): 1545-1554. https://doi.org/10.3746/JKFN.2010.39.10.1545
  13. Kim MY, Yeon JY. Status and needs of nutrition education for children's sugars intake reduction in elementary school. J Nutr Health 2018; 51(5): 433-444. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2018.51.5.433
  14. Lee JH. A study on the perception of sugar reduction and status of using added sugar by school nutritionists and dietitians in the Jeju province schools [master's thesis]. Jeju National University; 2016.
  15. Jang MK. The perception of reducing sugar intake of school dieticians and the current use of added sugar in school food services in Busan [master's thesis]. Silla University; 2016.
  16. Kim HJ, Choi MK, Kim MH. Perception of sugar reduction and added sugar use among dietitians or nutrition teachers in Gyeonggi and Incheon. J Korean Diet Assoc 2018; 24(1): 62-74. https://doi.org/10.14373/JKDA.2018.24.1.62
  17. Lim HJ. An importance and performance analysis of dietary sugar reduction in elementary, middle and high school nutrition teachers using IPA technique [master's thesis]. Sookmyung Women's University; 2018.
  18. Kim YS, Lee MJ. Effects of nutrition education through social cognitive theory in elementary school students: Focusing on the nutrition education of sugar intake. Korean J Food Nutr 2011; 24(2): 246-257. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2011.24.2.246
  19. Oh NK, Gwon SJ, Kim KW, Sohn CM, Park HR, Seo JS. Status and need assessment on nutrition & dietary life education among nutrition teachers in elementary, middle and high schools. Korean J Community Nutr 2016; 21(2): 152-164. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.152
  20. Kim MH, Yeon JY. Status and needs of nutrition education for children's sugars intake reduction in elementary school. J Nutr Health 2018; 51(5): 433-444. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2018.51.5.433
  21. Kim EK, Kim HY. School dietitian awareness, practice, and sodium reduction plan in school meal service. Korean J Food Cook Sci 2016; 32(2): 222-232. https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2016.32.2.222
  22. Kim JH, Woo TJ, Lee KA, Lee SM, Lee KH. Application and the effect of nutrition education program based on the social cognitive theory among middle school girls. Korean J Community Nutr 2016; 21(6): 497-508. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.6.497
  23. Yang IS, Kim HY, Lee HY, Kang YH. Effectiveness of webbased nutritional education program for junior and senior high school students. Korean J Nutr 2004; 37(7): 576-584.
  24. Ahn Y, Ko SY, Kim KW. Evaluation of a nutrition education program for elementary school children. Korean J Community Nutr 2009; 14(3): 266-276.
  25. Yun YR, Yang EJ. Effects of nutritional education program through discretional activities in middle school students. Korean J Nutr 2010; 43(5): 489-499. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.5.489
  26. Lee JW, Lee HS, Chang NS, Kim JM. The relationship between nutrition knowledge scores and dietary behavior, dietary intakes and anthropometric parameters among primary school children participating in a nutrition education program. Korean J Nutr 2009; 42(4): 338-349. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.4.338
  27. Park MR, Kim SB. Effects of nutrition education using dietary guidebook in higher grade elementary students of Jeonbuk area. Korean J Community Nutr 2018; 23(1): 13-27. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.1.13