Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association (지역연구)

Korean Regional Science Association (한국지역학회)
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Implications and Roles of Blockchain for Smart City

스마트도시에서 블록체인이 갖는 함의와 그 역할

  • 조재우 (한성대학교 사회과학부)
  • Received : 2020.10.23
  • Accepted : 2021.05.27
  • Published : 2021.06.30
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Abstract

Modern cities are changing to 'smart cities' dramatically with the introduction and development of the fourth industrial revolution technologies. Among these technologies blockchain is unique because it not only embraces technological innovation but also societal revolution. Therefore, blockchain is expected to play a pivotal role for contributing comprehensive development of smart city. The current research and policy atmosphere in Korea, however, is that blockchain is just a new technology and its broader impacts are overlooked. This study argues that blockchain has significant effects on smart cities not only from technological perspectives but also from social, economic, institutional, governmental perspectives. Further, this study suggests three categories that blockchain can help the development of smart city: technology, socio-economic, and governance, with examples of existing blockchin projects. However, these projects have been builting separately without any interaction under the common hood of 'smart city'. To emhance influences of blockchain on smart cities in positive ways, private companies, policy maker, and citizend are supposed to consider and discuss about publi sector's blockchain that is commonly used in at the smart city level.

4차산업혁명 기술의 등장 및 발전과 함께 현대 도시는 스마트도시로 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 여러 4차산업혁명 기술 중 블록체인은 기술적 혁신성뿐 아니라 사회적 혁명성도 포함한다는 독특한 특성이 있다. 이 때문에 블록체인은 스마트도시가 종합적으로 발전하는 데 있어서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 현재 우리나라에서 스마트도시와 관련된 블록체인 연구나 정책은 주로 기술적인 측면에 머물고 있으며 그 이상의 잠재력은 간과하고 있다. 본 연구는 스마트도시와 블록체인에 대한 종합적인 검토를 통해 블록체인 기술이 사회, 경제, 제도, 거버넌스 등 다양한 영역에서 스마트도시의 발전에 어떻게 이바지할 수 있는지 밝히는 것을 목표로 한다. 또한, 현재 각 영역에서 시범적으로 추진되고 있는 프로젝트들을 살펴볼 것이다. 연구 결과 국내에서는 신원인증, 물류, 지역화폐 등 다양한 영역에서 스마트도시에 블록체인을 적용하는 시도가 활발하게 일어나고 있지만 아직 이들 블록체인 프로젝트들은 개별로 추진되고 있을 뿐 스마트도시라는 공통된 영역에서 종합적으로 발전하는 단계까지 도달하지 못한 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 블록체인이 스마트도시에 더욱 효과적으로 기여하기 위해 기업, 정부, 시민이 함께 블록체인의 지속가능성과 타 기술과의 융합에 대해 심도 있게 논의할 필요가 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 한성대학교 교내학술연구비 지원과제임.

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