Acknowledgement
This work was supported by 2020 Hongik University Research Fund.
References
- Amri, F. "Carbon dioxide emissions, total factor productivity, ICT, trade, financial development, and energy consumption: testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Tunisia," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 25, 2018, pp. 33691~33701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3331-1
- Bello, A, K., and Q. M. Abimola, "Does the level of Economic Growth influence Environmental Quality in Nigeria: A test of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) Hypothesis," Pakistan Journal of Social Science, Vol. 7, 2010, pp. 325~329. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjssci.2010.325.329
- Brown, R. L., J. Durbin, and J. M. Evans, "Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relations over time", Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 37, 1975, pp. 149~163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1975.tb01532.x
- Dickey, D. A., W. A. Fuller, "Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 74, No. 366, 1979, pp. 427~431. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1979.10482531
- Engle, R. F., and C. W. J. Granger, "Cointegration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing," Econometrica, Vol. 55, 1987, pp. 251~276. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236
- Faisal, F., Azizullah. T. Tursoy, and R. Pervaiz, "Does ICT lessen CO2 emissions for fast-emerging economies? an application of the heterogeneous panel estimations," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 27. 2020, pp. 10778~10789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07582-w
- Fernandez, V. C., and J. T. Fernandez, "The long run impact of foreign direct investment, exports, imports and GDP: evidence for Spain from an ARDL approach," EHES Working Paper, Vol. 128, 2018, pp. 1~21.
- Gunther, O., "Environmental information systems," SIGMOD Rec. Vol. 3, No. 1, 1997, pp. 3~4. https://doi.org/10.1145/248603.248604
- Harris, R., and R. Sollis, Applied Time Series Modeling and Forecasting, Wiley, West Sussex, 2003.
- Haseeb, A. E. Xia, S. Saud, A. Ahmad, and H. Khurshid, "Does information and communication technologies improve environmental quality in the era of globalization? an empirical analysis," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 26, 2019, pp. 8594~8608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04296-x
- Higon, D., R. Gholami, and F. Shirazi, "ICT and environmental sustainability: a global perspective," Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 34, 2017, pp. 85~95 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.001
- Ilic, A., P. Bowman, J. Ng, and T. Staake, "The value of RFID for RTI management," Electronic Markets, Vol. 19, No. 2-3, 2009, pp. 125~135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-009-0011-5
- Johansen, S., and K. Juselius, "Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration with applications to the demand for money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 52, 1990, pp. 169~210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52002003.x
- Lee, J. W., and T. Brahmasrene, "ICT, CO2 emissions and economic growth: evidence from a panel of ASEAN," Global Economic Review, Vol. 43, 2014, pp. 93~109. https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2014.917803
- Lu, W. C., "The impacts of information and communication technology, energy consumption, financial development, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in 12 Asian countries," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Vol. 23, 2018, pp. 1351~1365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-018-9787-y
- Narayan, P. K. "The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests," Applied Economics, Vol. 37, 2005, pp. 1979~1990. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500278103
- Ozcan, B., and N. Apergis, "The impact of internet use on air pollution: evidence from emerging countries," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 25, 2018, pp. 4174~4189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0825-1
- Park, Y., F. Meng, and M.A. Baloch, "The effect of ICT, financial development, growth, and trade openness on CO2 emissions: an empirical analysis," Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 25, 2018, pp. 30708~30719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3108-6
- Pesaran, M. H., and B. Pesaran, Working with Microfit 4.0: interactive econometric analysis, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
- Pesaran, M. H., and Y. Shin, An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis, In: Strom S, Holly A, Diamond P, eds. Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century: The Ranger Frisch Centennial Symposium. Cam-bridge: Cambridge University Press, UK, 1999.
- Pesaran, M. H., Y. Shin, and R. J. Smith, "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 16, 2001, pp. 289~326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616
- Phillips, P. C. B., and P. Perron, "Testing for a unit root in time series regression," Biometrika, Vol. 75, No. 2, 1988, pp. 335~346. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/75.2.335
- Sadorsky, P., "The impact of financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies," Energy Policy, 38, 2010. pp. 2528~2535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.12.048
- Shehzad, K., L. Xiaoxing, M. Sarfraz, and M. Zulfiqar, "Signifying the imperative nexus between climate change and information and communication technology development: a case from Pakistan," Environmental Science and Pollution Research Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 27, 2020, 30502~30517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09128-x.
- Wang, H., and Y, Jin, "Industrial ownership and environmental performance: evidence from China," Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 36, 2007, pp. 255~273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-006-9027-x
- World development indicators of the World Bank DataBank, Available: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators (accessed on 1 June 2020).
- Yao, X-N., and J-Y. Liu, The potential of economic growth and technology advancement in the BRICs, Proceeding of the 2011 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics.
- Zhang, C., and C. Liu, "The impact of ICT industry on CO2 emissions: a regional analysis in China," Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 44, 2015, pp. 12~19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.011
- Zhang, Y. J. "The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: an empirical analysis in China," Energy Policy, Vol. 39, 2011, pp. 2197~2203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.026