Informatization Policy (정보화정책)

National Information Society Agency (한국지능정보사회진흥원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of the Global Data Law & Policy and its Implications: Focusing on the cases of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union

국내외 데이터법·정책 분석 및 시사점: 미국, 영국, EU의 사례를 중심으로

  • Received : 2021.03.02
  • Accepted : 2021.04.16
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study presents implications of the Global Data Law & Policy by comparing national data strategies, data regulations and policies, and governance in South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. According to the result of the comparative analysis, the biggest difference is in data governance, in other words, the management and coordination of policies at the pan-government level and data ethics. Therefore, this study proposes the establishment of a presidential special committee on data policy or the creation of a 'National Digital Innovation Office' at the Presidential Secretariat as a national CDO for the governance of data policies. Furthermore, this paper suggests a) to enact 'the Framework Act on the Development of Data Industry' that can regulate data practices in the private sector, b) to institutionalize the data-centric security and data protection, c) to settle the public ethics and personnel management based on data expertise and professional ethics, including explainability and responsibility, and d) the education and training systems.

본 연구는 우리나라와 미국, 영국, EU의 국가 데이터전략, 데이터 정책과 제도 및 거버넌스를 비교함으로써 우리 환경에 맞는 시사점을 제안했다. 비교분석 결과 범정부 차원의 데이터 정책을 총괄할 수 있는 거버넌스, 데이터 윤리를 포함하는 데이터 정책을 고려할 수 있어야 할 것으로 보인다. 이에 본 연구는 데이터 정책의 총괄 거버넌스 확립을 위해 국가 차원의 최고데이터책임자(CDO)를 요구하면서 대통령 소속 데이터특별위원회를 두거나 대통령 비서실 내에 가칭 '국가디지털혁신실'을 설치하는 방안을 제시했다. 또한 민간 부문의 데이터도 규율할 수 있는 데이터산업기본법의 제정, 데이터 중심 보안과 정보보호 체계, 설명가능성과 책임 등 신뢰 확보를 위해 요구되는 공공부문의 데이터 전문역량과 전문가 윤리 관념 기반의 공직윤리 및 인사, 교육훈련 제도와의 연계 등을 제안했다.

Keywords

References

  1. Agostino, D., Arnaboldi, M. & Lema, M. D. (2021). "New Development: COVID-19 as an Accelerator of Digital Transformation in Public Service Delivery." Public Money & Management, 41(1), 69-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2020.1764206
  2. Bertot, J. C., Gorham, U., Jaeger, P. T., Sarin, L. C. & Choi, H. (2014). "Big Data, Open Government and E-Government: Issues, Policies and Recommendations." Information Polity, 19(1, 2), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-140328
  3. Blair, T., Cunningham, T. (1999). Modernising government.
  4. European Commission (2020a). "Shaping Europe's Digital Future." COM(2020) 67 final. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication-shapingeuropes-digital-future-feb2020_en_4.pdf. (Retrieved on Feb 20, 2021).
  5. European Commission (2020b). "A European strategy for data." COM(2020) 66 final. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/communication-europeanstrategy-data-19feb2020_en.pdf. (Retrieved on Feb 20, 2021).
  6. Geneva Internet Platform (2020). "The COVID-19 crisis: A digital policy overview." The GIP Digital Watch. https://dig.watch/trends/covid-19-crisis-digitalpolicy-overview. (Retrieved on Feb 26, 2021).
  7. Han, E. (2014). "Characteristics and Implications of UK Open Data Policy." Information, Communication and Broadcasting Policy, 26(23), 1-24.
  8. Hey, T., Tansley, S. & Tolle, K. (2007). "Jim Gray on eScience: A Transformed Scientific Method." In Hey, et al. (ed.) The Fourth Paradigm: Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery, xvii-xxxi. Washington: Microsoft Research.
  9. HM Treasury (2018). "The economic value of data: discussion paper." https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/731349/20180730_HMT_Discussion_Paper_-_The_Economic_Value_of_Data.pdf. (Retrieved on Feb 24, 2021).
  10. Janssen, M., Charalabidis, Y. & Zuiderwijk, A. (2012). "Benefits, Adoption Barriers and Myths of Open Data and Open Government." Information Systems Management, 29(4), 258-268. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2012.716740
  11. Janssen, M., Rana, N. P., Slade, E. L., & Dewivedi, Y. K. (2018). "Trustworthiness of Digital Government Services: Deriving a Comprehensive Theory through Interpretive Structural Modelling." Public Management Review, 20(5), 647-671. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2017.1305689
  12. Kang, J. (2020). "A Legal Study on Open Data." Administrative Law Journal, 61, 159-178. https://doi.org/10.35979/alj.2020.05.61.159
  13. Kim, H. (2020). "Quality Evaluation of the Open Standard Data." Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 20(9), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2020.20.09.439
  14. Kwon, H. (2004). "Legislative Policy Issues on Personal Information Protection." Informatization Policy, 11(3), 55-78.
  15. Kwon, H. (2013). "Expansion of Right to Information and Reuse of Public Sector Information." Legislation, 2013(4), 24-45.
  16. Kwon, H., Yoon, S. & Jeon, S. (2017). "Conceptual Review of PIR and its Legal Framework in the Age of Fourth Industrial Revolution." The Justice, 158(1), 7-42.
  17. Kwon, H. (2020). "Challenges on the Data-based Administration Revitalization Act and Data Policy." KISO Journal, 40, 23-28.
  18. Labrinidis, A. & Jagadish, H. V. (2012). "Challenges and Opportunities with Big Data." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 5(12), 2032-2033. https://doi.org/10.14778/2367502.2367572
  19. Lee, Y. (2020). "A Study on the Revision Trend of Data 3 Act." The Journal of Comparative Private Law, 27(2), 423-463. https://doi.org/10.22922/JCPL.27.2.202005.423
  20. McKenna, B. (2020). "DCMS loses government data policy to the Cabinet Office." ComputerWeekly.com, Jul 22. https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252486501/DCMS-loses-government-data-policyto-the-Cabinet-Office. (Retrieved on Feb 26, 2021).
  21. National Performance Review (1993). Reengineering Through Information Technology.
  22. Nutley, S. & Davies, H. T. O. (2000). "Getting Research into Practice: Making a Reality of Evidence-Based Practice: Some Lessons from the Diffusion of Innovations." Public Money and Management, 20(4), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9302.00234
  23. OECD (2019). "OURdata Index: Open-Useful-Reusable Government Data 2019." OECD Government at a Glance. https://www.oecd.org/digital/digitalgovernment/open-government-data.htm. (Retrieved on Feb 20, 2021).
  24. OECD (2020). "OECD Digital Government Index: 2019." http://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government-index4de9f5bb-en.htm. (Retrieved on Feb 20, 2021).
  25. OMB(Office of Management and Budget) (2020a). "Federal Data Strategy." https://strategy.data.gov/background/#how-were-the-principles-created. (Retrieved on Feb 22, 2021).
  26. OMB(Office of Management and Budget) (2020b). "2020 Action Plan." https://strategy.data.gov/actionplan/#action-9-improve-financial-management-data-standards. (Retrieved on Feb 22, 2021).
  27. Park , K. (2019 ). "A Study on the Public Interest of Collected Information." Informatization Policy 26(1), 25-45. https://doi.org/10.22693/NIAIP.2019.26.1.025
  28. Park. J. (2020). "Study on Methods for Establishing Legislation on Data Protection and Distribution." Sogang Law Journal, 9(2), 3-41. https://doi.org/10.35505/slj.2020.06.9.2.3
  29. Presidential Committee on the Fourth Industrial Revolution (2019). Recommendations to the Government for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Seoul.
  30. Sadowski, J. (2019). "When data is capital: Datafication, accumulation, and extraction." Big Data & Society, 6(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718820549
  31. Seo , H. (2019 ). "A Preliminary Discussion on Policy Decision Making of AI in The Fourth Industrial Revolution ." Informatization Policy, 26(3), 3-35.
  32. Sung, W. (2016). "A Study on the Improvement of Big Data Policy in the Public Sector." Korean Policy Studies Review, 25(2), 125-149.
  33. United Kingdom DCMS (2018). "Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation: Consultation." https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-thecentre-for-data-ethics-and-innovation/centre-fordata-ethics-and-innovationconsultation#thecentres-role-and-objectives. (Retrived on Apr 10, 2021).
  34. United Nations (2020a). "COVID-19: Embracing digital government during the pandemic and beyond." UN/DESA Policy Brief #61. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/un-desapolicy-brief-61-covid-19-embracing-digitalgovernment-during-the-pandemic-and-beyond/. (Retrieved on Feb 23, 2021).
  35. United Nations (2020b). "2020 E-Government Development Index." https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Data/Compare-Countries. (Retrieved on Feb 20, 2021).
  36. WEF(World Economic Forum) (2020). "ICT COVID-19 Response: Partnering with Technology Companies to Combat COVID-19." Geneva: WEF. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Tech_4_COVID_Early_Compendium_2020.pdf.
  37. Yoon, K. (2019). A Study on the Strengthening of Databased Administration: Focusing on the Public Data Integration. Seoul: Korea Institute of Public Administration.
  38. Zins, C. (2007). "Conceptual Approaches for Defining Data, Information, and Knowledge." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(4), 479-493. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20508