Acknowledgement
This study was supported by the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency (4851-304-320), the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6A1A03041954) and the Inha University Research Fund (65321-1) in Korea.
References
- Xu G, Walker DH, Jupiter D, Melby PC, Arcari CM. A review of the global epidemiology of scrub typhus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11: e0006062. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006062
- Ro HJ, Lee H, Park EC, Lee CS, Il Kim S, Jun S. Ultrastructural visualization of Orientia tsutsugamushi in biopsied eschars and monocytes from scrub typhus patients in South Korea. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 17373. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35775-9
- Paris DH, Shelite TR, Day NP, Walker DH. Unsolved problems related to scrub typhus: a seriously neglected life-threatening disease. Am J Negl Trop Dis 2013; 89: 301-307. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0064
- Walker DH. Scrub typhus-Scientific neglect, ever-widening impact. N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 913-915. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1608499
- Choi YJ, Lee IY, Song HJ, Kim J, Park HJ, Song D, Jang WJ. Geographical distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains in chiggers from three provinces in Korea. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62: 547-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12639
- Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, Richards AL. Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: S203-230. https://doi.org/10.1086/596576
- Banerjee A, Kulkarni S. Orientia tsutsugamushi: the dangerous yet neglected foe from the East. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311: 151467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151467
- Bonell A, Lebell Y, Newton PN, Crump JA, Paris DH. Estimating the burden of scrub typhus: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11: e0005838. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005838
- Kim MS, Baek JH, Lee JS, Chung MH, Lee SM, Kang JS. High in vitro infectivity of a doxycycline-insensitive strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Infect Chemother 2013; 45: 431-434. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2013.45.4.431
- Munro-Faure AD, Andrew R, Missen GA, Mackay-Dick J. Scrub typhus in Korea. J R Army Med Corps 1951; 97: 227-229. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14889509/
- Chung MH, Kang JS. History of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea. Infect Chemother 2019; 51: 196-209. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2019.51.2.196
- Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Disease Web Statistics System [Internet]. Available from: http://www.kdca.go.kr/npt/biz/npp/nppMain.do
- Ree HI, Lee IY, Cho MK. Determination of the vector species of tsutsugamushi diseases in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1991; 29: 87-92. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1991.29.1.87
- Jackson EB, Danauskas JX, Smadel JE, Fuller HS, Coale MC, Bozeman FM. Occurrence of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in Korean field small mammals and chiggers. Am J Hyg 1957; 66: 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119904
- Ree HI, Cho MK, Lee IY, Jeon SH. Comparative epidemiological studies on vector/reservoir animals of tsutsugamushi disease between high and low endemic areas in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 1995; 33: 27-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1995.33.1.27
- Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B, Rubel F. World map of the Koppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 2006; 15: 259-263. https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
- PH Won. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea, Vol. 7 Mammals. Ministry of Education, Seoul, Korea. Ministry of Education. 1967, pp 185-255 (in Korean).
- Jun H, Jegal S, Kim-Jeon MD, Roh JY, Lee WG, Park SH, Ahn SK, Lee J, Gong YW, Kwon MJ, Bahk YY, Kim TS. Three-year surveillance (2016-2018) of chigger mite vector for tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong-Si area of Gyeonggi-Do Republic of Korea. Entomol Res 2020; 50: 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.12403
- Bahk YY, Jun H, Park SH, Jung H, Jegal S, Kim-Jeon MD, Roh, JY, Lee WG, Ahn SK, Lee J, Joo K, Gong YW, Kwon MJ, Kim TS. Surveillance of chigger mite vectors for tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong Area, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 2015. Korean J Parasitol 2020; 58: 301-308. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.301