한국산림과학회지 (Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science)

  • 제110권2호
  • /
  • Pages.233-243
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2586-6613(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2586-6621(eISSN)
한국산림과학회 (Korean Society of Forest Science)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

국가산림자원조사 자료를 활용한 고사목의 탄소저장량 변화: 강원도를 대상으로

Changes in Carbon Stocks of Coarse Woody Debris in National Forest Inventories: Focus on Gangwon Province

  • 문가현 (국립산림과학원 산림ICT연구센터) ;
  • 임종수 (국립산림과학원 산림ICT연구센터)
  • Moon, Ga Hyun (Forest ICT Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Yim, Jong Su (Forest ICT Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science)
  • 투고 : 2021.04.09
  • 심사 : 2021.06.03
  • 발행 : 2021.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

기후변화 영향의 심각성을 인지한 국제사회의 움직임에 발맞춰 우리 정부는 2050 탄소중립 선언을 통해 지속가능한 탄소중립 사회를 지향하고 있으며, 국가 온실가스 감축 목표의 이행을 위해 산림부문을 적극적으로 활용한 전략을 수행중이다. 특히 산림 내 고사목은 탄소저장고로서의 역할을 담당하므로 고정표본점에 대하여 모니터링이 이루어지는 국가산림자원조사(National Forest Inventory; NFI)에서 수집되는 고사목 자료를 활용하여 고사목 축적량과 고사목의 탄소저장량 변화 특성을 구명하는 것은 의의가 크다. 따라서 본 연구는 각 차수별(제5차-제7차 NFI) 고사목 자료를 활용하여 동일표 본점 내 고사목의 발생 현황 및 탄소저장량을 산출하고 시간에 따른 변화 특성을 분석하였다. 강원도 산림에서 각 차수별로 모니터링이 가능한 동일 표본점 2,021개를 분석한 결과 조사차수별 고사목 축적량(m3 ha-1)은 제5차 및 제6차 NFI에서 각각 4.71과 4.09로 나타났으나, 제7차 NFI에서는 3.09로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 연도별 고사목의 탄소저장량(ton C ha-1)은 2009년 0.67, 2014년 0.64, 그리고 2019년 0.41로 분석되어, 시간의 흐름에 따른 감소추세를 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과를 기초자료로 활용하여 향후 전국 산림에 대한 고사목의 탄소저장량 추정 및 시계열적 변화 특성에 대한 지속적인 모니터링 연구가 수행될 필요가 있다.

Considering worldwide efforts to mitigate repercussions of climate change, the South Korean government has declared to reach net zero by 2050 to achieve a carbon-neutral sustainable society. For full implementation of NDCs, the government has actively reflected its forestry sector into these strategies. Since coarse woody debris (CWD) in forests represents an enduring carbon storage, it is of particular significance to determine characteristics of changes in carbon stocks of CWD by utilizing data on dead trees monitored in permanent sample plots within national forest inventories (NFIs). In this study, therefore, both occurrence and carbon stocks of CWD were estimated in such plots using data on CWD from the 5th, 6th, and 7th NFIs. Subsequently, characteristics of changes in carbon stocks over time were analyzed. Based on the analysis of 2,021 plots available for monitoring in each NFI of Gangwon Province, the volume of CWD (m3 ha-1) was found to be 4.71 in the 5th NFI and 4.09 in the 6th NFI. However, the volume of CWD declined to 3.09 in the 7th NFI. Moreover, the annual carbon stocks of CWD (ton C ha-1) were estimated to be 0.67 in 2009, 0.64 in 2014, and 0.41 in 2019, showing a downward trend over time. This study provides a basis for future research to investigate long-term changes and estimate carbon stocks of CWD in South Korea forests.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Bae, S.H. 2021. Confirmation of the vision for 2050 net zero...'Worldwide cooperation': In the 61st cabinet meeting for the report of LEDS and NDC for the expanded production and use of renewable energy-based electricity and hydrogen, Ministry of Environment. Electric Power 15(1): 70-71.
  2. Bechtold, W.A. and Patterson, P.L. 2005. The enhanced forest inventory and analysis program-national sampling design and estimation procedures. General technical report GTRSRS-080. Asheville, NC: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 85.
  3. Bragg, D.C. and Kershner, J.L. 1999. Coarse woody debris in riparian zones. Journal of Forestry 97(4): 30-35.
  4. Carmona, M.R., Armesto, J.J., Aravena, J.C. and Perez, C.A. 2002. Coarse woody debris biomass in successional and primary temperate forests Chiloe Island, Chile. Forest Ecology and Management 164(1-3): 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00602-8
  5. Chambers, J.Q., Schimel, J.P. and Nobre, A.D. 2001. Respiration from coarse wood litter in central Amazon forests. Biogeochemistry 52: 115-131. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006473530673
  6. Chatterjee, A., Vance, G.F. and Tinker, D.B. 2009. Carbon pools of managed and unmanaged stands of ponderosa and lodgepole pine forests in Wyoming. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39(10): 1893-1900. https://doi.org/10.1139/X09-112
  7. Choi, J., Lee, B., Lee, D. and Choi, I. 2014. Growth monitoring of Korean white p ine (Pinus koraiensis) plantation by thinning intensity. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 103(3): 422-430. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2014.103.3.422
  8. Churkina, G., Trusilova, K., Vetter, M. and Dentener, F. 2007. Contributions of nitrogen deposition and forest regrowth to terrestrial carbon uptake. Carbon Balance and Management 2(5): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-0680-2-1
  9. Clark, D.B., Clark, D.A., Brown, S., Oberbauer, S.F. and Veldkamp, E. 2002. Stocks and flows of coarse woody debris across a tropical rain forest nutrient and topography gradient. Forest Ecology and Management 164(1-3): 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00597-7
  10. Davis, L.S. and Johnson, K.N. 1987. Forest management. McGraw-Hill. pp. 790.
  11. Forrester, J.A., Mladenoff, S.T., Gower, S.T. and Stoffel, J.L. 2012. Interactions of temperature and moisture with respiration from coarse woody debris in experimental forest canopy gaps. Forest Ecology and Management 265: 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.038
  12. Freedman, B., Zelazny, V., Beaudette, D., Fleming, T., Flemming, S., Forbes, G., Gerrow, J.S., Johnson, G. and Woodley, S. 1996. Biodiversity implications of changes in the quantity of dead organic matter in managed forests. Environmental Reviews 4(3): 238-265. https://doi.org/10.1139/a96-013
  13. Gough, C.M., Vogel, C.S., Kazanski, C., Nagel, L., Flower, C.E. and Curtis, P.S. 2007. Coarse woody debris and the carbon balance of a north temperate forest. Forest Ecology and Management 244(1-3): 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.039
  14. Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center (GIR). 2020. 2020 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Korea. Seoul: Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Research Center of Korea. pp. 88.
  15. Han, H., Kwon, K., Chung, H., Seol, A. and Chung, J. 2015. Analysis of optimal thinning prescriptions for a Cryptomeria japonica stand using dynamic programming. Journal of Korean Forest Society 104(4): 649-656. https://doi.org/10.14578/JKFS.2015.104.4.649
  16. Harmon, M.E., Fasth, B., Woodall, C.W. and Sexton, J. 2013. Carbon concentration of standing and downed woody detritus: Effects of tree taxa, decay class, position, and tissue type. Forest Ecology and Management 291: 259-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.046
  17. Harmon, M.E., Franklin, J.F., Swanson, F.J., Sollins, P., Gregory, S.V., Lattin, J.D., Anderson, N.H., Cline, S.P., Aumen, N.G., Sedell, J.R., Lienkaemper, G.W., Cromack Jr, K. and Cummins, K.W. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecology Research 15: 133-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60121-X
  18. Hart, S.C. 1999. Nitrogen transformation in fallen tree boles and mineral soil of an old-growth forest. Ecology 80(4): 1385-1394. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1385:NTIFTB]2.0.CO;2
  19. Holub, S.M., Spears, J.D.H. and Lajtha, K. 2001. A reanalysis of nutrient dynamics in coniferous coarse woody debris. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31(11): 1894-1902. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-31-11-1894
  20. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2006. 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventory. IGES, Japan. pp. 32.
  21. Kim, B.S., Choi, J.H. and Jeong, B.J. 2010. Optimal green-house gas allocation among Korean industries. Journal of the Korean Society of Supply Chain Management 10(1): 45-53.
  22. Kim, E.G. and Lee, K.H. 2010. Climate change and forest. Seoul: Doyosae. pp. 295.
  23. Kim, H., Lee, J., Han, S.H., Kim, S. and Son, Y. 2018. Approaches for developing a forest carbon and nitrogen model through analysis of domestic and overseas models. Journal of Korean Forest Society 107(2): 140-150.
  24. Kim, R.H. and Son, Y. 2002. Coarse woody debris (CWD) in forest ecosystems. Life Science and Natural Resources Research 10: 57-67.
  25. Kim, S. 2019. Thinning, age, and density impacts on tree and soil carbon storage in Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis forests in central Korea [Ph.D. dissertation]. Gangwon: Gangwon University. pp. 99.
  26. Ko, S., Yoon, T.K., Kim, S., Kim, C., Lee, S.T., Seo, K.W. and Son, Y. 2014. Thinning intensity effects on carbon storage of soil, forest floor and coarse woody debris in Pinus densiflora stands. Journal of Korean Forest Society 103(1): 30-36. https://doi.org/10.14578/JKFS.2014.103.1.30
  27. Korea Forest Research Institute. 2007. Survey manual for forest biomass and soil carbon. Seoul: Korea Forest Research Institute. pp. 74.
  28. Korea Forest Research Institute. 2010. Main tree species carbon emission factors for forest greenhouse gas inventory. Seoul: Korea Forest Research Institute. pp. 89.
  29. Korea Forest Research Institute. 2011. The 5th national forest inventory report. Seoul: Korea Forest Research Institute. pp. 187.
  30. Korea Forest Research Institute. 2014. Carbon emission factors and biomass allometric equations by species in Korea. Seoul: Korea Forest Research Institute. pp. 97.
  31. Korea Forest Service (Internet). 2021. Countermeasure to climate change, South Korea that takes the lead in the forestry sector among Asian countries. [cited 2021 March 10]. Available from: Korea Forest Service Homepage (https://www.forest.go.kr)
  32. Korea Forest Service and Korea Forestry Promotion Institute. 2017. The 7th national forest inventory and forest health monitoring. -Field manual-. Seoul: Korea Forestry Promotion Institute. pp. 86.
  33. Korea Forest Service and Korea Forestry Promotion Institute. 2020. A study on a framework for estimation of national carbon inventories and on the enhancement in carbon account in the forestry sector in accordance with the paris agreement.. R&D Res Rep. Daejeon: Korea Forest Service. pp. 274.
  34. Korea Forest Service. 2006. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Daejeon: Korea Forest Service. pp. 482.
  35. Korea Forest Service. 2011. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Daejeon: Korea Forest Service. pp. 484.
  36. Korea Forest Service. 2016. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Daejeon: Korea Forest Service. pp. 414.
  37. Korea Forest Service. 2018. The 6th basic forest plan (2018~2037). Daejeon: Korea Forest Service. pp. 151.
  38. Korea Forest Service. 2019. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Daejeon: Korea Forest Service. pp. 444.
  39. Korea Forest Service. 2020. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Daejeon: Korea Forest Service. pp. 448.
  40. Laiho, R. and Prescott, C.E. 1999. The contribution of coarse woody debris to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29(10): 1592-1603. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-29-10-1592
  41. Lal, R. 2005. Forest soils and carbon sequestration. Forest Ecology and Management 220(1-3): 242-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.08.015
  42. Lee, J., Yoon, T.K., Han, S., Kim, S., Yi, M.J., Park, G.S., Kim, C., Son, Y.M., Kim, R. and Son, Y. 2014. Estimating the carbon dynamics of South Korean forests from 1954 to 2012. Biogeosciences 11(17): 4637-4650. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4637-2014
  43. Lee, M., Kwon, B., Kim, S., Yoon, T.K., Son, Y. and Yi, M.J. 2019. Coarse woody debris (CWD) respiration rates of Larix kaempferi and Pinus rigida: Effects of decay class and physicochemical properties of CWD. Journal of Korean Forest Society 108(1): 40-49.
  44. Mun, J.M., Ahn, B.I. and Kim, C.H. 2013. Comparison of the economic values created by utilizations of forest biomass for wood pellets and pulp. Korean Journal of Agricultural Economics 54(2): 1-27.
  45. Nalder, I.A., Wein, R.W., Alexander, M.E. and de Groot, W.J. 1997. Physical properties of dead and downed round-wood fuels in the boreal forests of Alberta and Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27(9): 1513-1517. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-083
  46. Norden, B., Ryberg, M., Gotmark, F. and Olausson, B. 2004. Relative importance of coarse and fine woody debris for the diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in temperate broadleaf forests. Biological Conservation 117(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00235-0
  47. Olajuyigbe, S.O., Tobin, B., Gardiner, P. and Nieuwenhuis, M. 2011. Stocks and decay dynamics of above- and below-ground coarse woody debris in managed Sitka spruce forests in Ireland. Forest Ecology and Management 262(6): 1109-1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.06.010
  48. Powers, M., Kolka, R., Palik, B., McDonald, R. and Jurgensen, M. 2011. Long-term management impacts on carbon storage in Lake States forests. Forest Ecology and Management 262(3): 424-431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.04.008
  49. Progar, R.A., Schowalter, T.D., Freitag, C.M. and Morrell, J.J. 2000. Respiration from coarse woody debris as affected by moisture and saprotroph functional diversity in Western Oregon. Oecologia 124(3): 426-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00008868
  50. Ravindranath, N.H. and Ostwald, M. 2008. Carbon inventory methods: Handbook for greenhouse gas inventory, carbon mitigation and roundwood production projects. Springer. pp. 306.
  51. Reid, C.M., Foggo, A. and Speight, M. 1996. Dead wood in the Caledonian pine forest. Journal of Forestry 69(3): 275-279. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/69.3.275
  52. Santaniello, F., Djupstrom, L.B., Ranius, T., Weslien, J., Rudolphi, J. and Sonesson, J. 2017. Simulated long-term effects of varying tree retention on wood production, dead wood and carbon stock changes. Journal of Environmental Management 201: 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.06.026
  53. Schuur, E.A.G., Chadwick, O.A. and Matson, P.A. 2001. Carbon cycling and soil carbon storage in mesic to wet Hawaiian montane forests. Ecology 82(11): 3182-3196. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3182:CCASCS]2.0.CO;2
  54. Scott, C.T., Bechtold, W.A., Reams, G.A., Smith, W.D., Westfall, J.A., Hansen, M.H. and Moisen, G.G. 2005. Sample-based estimators used by the forest inventory and analysis national information management system. pp. 43-67. In Bechtold, W.A. and Patterson, P.L. (Eds). The Enhanced Forest Inventory and Analysis Program-National Sampling Design and Estimation Procedures. General technical report SRS-80. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.
  55. Seo, Y.O., Jung, S.C. and Lee, Y.J. 2016. Estimation of carbon storage for Pinus rigida stands in Muju. Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology 30(3): 399-405. https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2016.30.3.399
  56. Shin, M.Y., An, H.S., Rho, D.K., Kong, G.S., Seo, J.W., Kim, C.C. and Seo, S.A. 2002. Use of stand table projection technique for the estimation of growth rate by forest types and age classes in Kangwon province. Journal of Korean Forest Society 91(4): 535-544.
  57. Stevens, V. 1997. The ecological role of coarse woody debris: An overview of the imp ortance of CWD in BC forests. Res. Br., B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Work. pp. 30.
  58. Teodosiu, M. and Bouriaud, O.B. 2012. Deadwood specific density and its influential factors: A case study from a pure Norway spruce old-growth forest in the Eastern Carpathians. Forest Ecology and Management 283: 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.06.050
  59. Wu, J., Zhang, X., Wang, H., Sun, J. and Guan, D. 2010. Respiration of downed logs in an old-growth temperate forest in north-eastern China. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 25(6): 500-506. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2010.524166
  60. Yim, J.S., Jung, I.B., Kim, J.C., Kim, S.H., Ryu, J.H. and Shin, M.Y. 2012. Estimation of forest growing stock by combining annual forest inventory data. Journal of Korean Forest Society 101(2): 213-219.
  61. Yim, Y.J. 1977. Distribution of forest vegetation and climate in the Korean peninsula: IV. Zonal distribution of forest vegetation in relation to thermal climate. Japanese Journal of Ecology 27(4): 269-278.
  62. Yun, E.S., Song, J.H., Kim, H.J., Lee, J.E., Lim, J.H., Jung, S.C. and Yun, C.W. 2019. The relationship between seedling and dead trees of Abies koreana population and the environmental factors in Mt. Jirisan. Proc. Korean Society of Environment & Ecology 29(2): 97-97.
  63. Yun, Y.G. 2008. Lecture on leadership in the context of climate change - Lecture 6 - Climate change, UNFCCC, and forest. Forest Management 188: 6-9.
  64. Zhou, L., Dai, L., Gu, H. and Zhong, L. 2007. Review on the decomposition and influence factors of coarse woody debris in forest ecosystem. Journal of Forestry Research 18(1): 48-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0009-9