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Fulminant Course of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Followed by Serial MRI: A Case Report

급격하게 진행한 급성 괴사성 뇌병증 환자의 연속 자기공명영상 소견: 증례 보고

  • Ji Young Lee (Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Kyung Mi Lee (Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Eung Koo Yeon (Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Eun Hye Lee (Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Eui Jong Kim (Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University)
  • 이지영 (경희대학교 의과대학 경희대학교병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 이경미 (경희대학교 의과대학 경희대학교병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 연응구 (경희대학교 의과대학 경희대학교병원 영상의학과) ;
  • 이은혜 (경희대학교 의과대학 경희대학교병원 소아청소년과) ;
  • 김의종 (경희대학교 의과대학 경희대학교병원 영상의학과)
  • Received : 2020.10.05
  • Accepted : 2021.01.26
  • Published : 2021.09.01

Abstract

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but distinctive type of influenza-associated encephalopathy characterized by symmetric multiple lesions with an invariable thalamic involvement. Although the exact pathogenesis of ANE remains unclear, the most prevalent hypothesis is the "cytokine storm," which results in blood-brain-barrier breakdown. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy with fulminant ANE confirmed with serial MRI studies, including diffusion-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging. A comparison of these serial images demonstrated detailed and longitudinal changes in MRI findings during the clinical course corresponding to pathophysiological changes. Our case clarifies the pathogenesis of ANE brain lesions using serial imaging studies and suggests that early immunomodulatory therapy reduces brain damage.

급성 괴사성 뇌병증은 드물지만 특징적인 인플루엔자 관련 뇌병증으로, 시상을 포함한 영역의 좌우 대칭의 다발성 병변을 특징으로 한다. 급성 괴사성 뇌병증의 정확한 발병 기전은 아직까지 불분명하나, 사이토카인 과분비에 의한 혈액뇌장벽의 파괴가 가장 널리 받아들여지는 가설이다. 저자들은 급격하게 진행한 10세 남아의 급성 괴사성 뇌병증 증례를 확산강조영상과 자화강조영상을 포함한 연속 자기공명영상 소견과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 연속 자기공명영상에서 나타나는 뇌병변의 시간적 변화는 임상경과 및 병태생리학적 변화와 일치되는 소견을 보였다. 본 증례는 연속 자기공명영상 소견을 통해 급성 괴사성 뇌병증 뇌병변의 발생 기전을 명확히 하였으며, 더 나아가 빠른 면역조절치료를 통해 뇌 손상의 정도를 줄일 수 있음을 시사하였다.

Keywords

References

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