Korean small business review (중소기업연구)

The Korean Association of Small Business studies (한국중소기업학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Knowledge Focused Networked Incubation : Case Study

지식중점 네트워크 인큐베이션 : 사례연구

  • 위강순 (한양대학교 ERICA 창업교육센터)
  • Received : 2021.04.27
  • Accepted : 2021.10.06
  • Published : 2021.12.31
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With the arrival of the Internet age, which is characterised by interconnection, the importance of networks is increasing in entrepreneurial activities and networked incubation (NI) has emerged as a mainstream concept in business incubation (BI). However, detailed studies on operation models of NI have been scarcely conducted. In this respect, this paper suggests a knowledge-focused networked incubation (KNI) model optimised for the study BI was established by theoretical analysis, and has been applied. The initial diagnosis of the effectiveness of the KNI model was also conducted through descriptive statistics, case studies, and the Industrial Depth Interview (IDI). This study is significant in that it has elaborated an NI operation model that meets the down-to-earth needs of incubatees and also is universally applicable.

상호 연결과 공유를 기반으로 하는 초 연결(Hyper-connected)의 인터넷 시대가 도래하면서 기업활동에 네트워크의 중요성이 증가되고 비즈니스 인큐베이션 (Business incubation (BI))에서도 네트워크 인큐베이션(Networked incubation (NI))이 주류 개념으로 등장하였다. 이에 따라 NI에 대한 다각도의 이론적 분석은 활발한 반면 세부 운영모델에 대한 구체적 연구는 거의 전무하다. 이에 본 연구는 이론적 분석을 통해 연구대상 BI에 최적화된 지식 중점 네트워크 인큐베이션 (Knowledge focused networked incubation (KNI)) 모델을 정립하고 이를 복수의 BI 운영에 적용하였으며 기술 통계, 사례연구 및 개별 심층 인터뷰 (Individual Depth Interview (IDI))를 통해 도출된 KNI 모델의 실효성 초기진단을 병행하였다. 이 연구는 현실적 요구에 부응하고 보편적으로 적용할 수 있는 정교화된 NI 운영모델을 제시하였다는 점에 그 의미가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김면복.고신륙.박형래(2020), "무역 인큐베이팅 중소 수출기업의 수출성과 분석에 관한 연구," 「무역통상학회」, 제20권, 제3호, pp.19-42.
  2. 김성민.임욱빈.안상봉(2017), "대학 창업보육센터의 사후지원에 대한 졸업 기업의 성과에 관한 연구", 「한국창업학회」, 제12권, 제2호, pp.181-206. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2017.12.2.181
  3. 우천식.김태종(2007), "한국경제 사회와 사회적 자본", 한국개발연구원, 세종.
  4. 조종현.박규일(2008), "창업보육센터의 특성이 입주기업 경영성과에 미치는 영향", 「회계와 정책연구」, 제13권, 제3호, pp.51-78.
  5. 한재민(2021), "기업의 국제화 수준이 경영성과에 미치는 영향-KOSPI 사장 제조(자동차.전자.전기)기업을 중심으로.", 석사학위논문, 부산대학교.
  6. 한효철(2015), "창업보육센터 지원요소가 성공적 창업에 미치는 효과", 석사학위논문, 한밭대학교.
  7. Adler, P. S. and S. W. Kwon(2002), "Social capital: prospects for a new concept", Academy of Management Review, Vol.27, No.1, pp.17-40. https://doi.org/10.2307/4134367
  8. Agndal. H., S. Chetty, and H. Wilson(2008), "Social capital dynamics and foreign market entry", International Business Review, Vol.17, No.6, pp.663-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.09.006
  9. Al-Mubaraki, H. and H. Schrol(2011), "Measuring the effectiveness of business incubators: a four dimensions approach from a gulf cooperation council perspective", Journal of Enterprising Culture, Vol.19, No.04, pp.435-452. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495811000842
  10. Arenius, P.(2005), "The Psychic distance postulate revised: from market selection to speed of market penetration", Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3, No.2, pp.115-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-005-4203-6
  11. Baum, J. A., T. Calabrese, and B. S. Silverman(2000), "Don't go it alone: alliance network composition and start-up performance in Canadian biotechnology", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.21, No.3, pp.267-294. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<267::AID-SMJ89>3.0.CO;2-8
  12. Bilkey, W. J. and G. T. Tesar(1977), "The export behavior of smaller-sized Wisconsin manufacturing firms", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.8, No.1, pp.93-98. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490783
  13. Bohata, M. and J. Mladek(1999), "The Development of the Czech SME Sector", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.14, No.5-6, pp.461-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00025-1
  14. Bollingtoft, A. and J. P. Ulhoi(2005), "The networked business incubator- leveraging entrepreneurial agency?", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.20, No.2, pp.265-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.12.005
  15. Brass, D. J.(1984), "Being in the right place: a structural analysis of individual influence in an organisation", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.29, No.4, pp.518-539. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392937
  16. Bruderl, l. J. and P. Preisendorfer(1998), "Network Support and the Success of Newly Founded Business", Small Business Economics, Vol.10, No.3, pp.213-225. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007997102930
  17. Bruneel, J., T. Ratinho, B. Claryssee, and A. Groen(2012), "The evolution of business incubators: comparing demand and supply of business incubation services across different incubator generations", Technovation, Vol.32, No.2, pp.110-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.11.003
  18. Burgers, J. H., F. A. Van Den Bosch, and H. W. Volberda(2008), "Why New Business Development Projects Fail: Coping with the Differences of Technological versus Market Knowledge", Long Range Planning, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 55-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2007.10.003
  19. Caves, R. E.(1971), "International corporations: The industrial economics of foreign investment", Economica, Vol.38, No.149, pp.1-27. https://doi.org/10.2307/2551748
  20. Chesbrough, H. W.(2003), "The era of open innovation", MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol.44, pp.35-41.
  21. Chesbrough, H. and K. Schwartz(2007), "Innovation business models with co-development partnerships", Research Technology, Vol.50, pp.55-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2007.11657419
  22. Cohen, W. M. and D. A. Levinthal(1990), "Absorptive capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35, No.1, pp.128-152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553
  23. Coviello, N. E. and M. P. Cox(2006), "The resources dynamics of international new venture networks", Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Vol.4, No.2-3, pp.113-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-007-0004-4
  24. Dunning, J. H.(1993), "Internationalization Porter's diamond", Management International Review, Vol.33, pp.7-15.
  25. Ellis, P. D.(2011), "Social ties and international entrepreneurship: opportunities and constraints affecting firm internationalisation", Journal of international Business Studies, Vol.42, No.1, pp.99-127. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2010.20
  26. Eveleens, C. P., F. J. Van Rijnsoever, and E. M. Niesten(2017), "How network-based incubation helps start-up performance: a systematic, Hreview against the background of management theories", The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol.42, No.3, pp.676-713. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9510-7
  27. Blackburne, G. D. and P. J. Buckley(2017), "The international business incubator as a foreign marketentry mode", Long Range Planning, Vo.51, No.1, pp.1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.07.005
  28. Granovetter, M. S.(1983), "The strength of weak ties: network theory revisited", Sociology Theory, Vol.1,S, pp.201-233. https://doi.org/10.2307/202051
  29. Grant, R. M.(1996), "Toward A knowledge based theory of the firm", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, No.S2, pp.109-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110
  30. Greve, A. and J. W. Salaff(2003), "Social networks and Entrepreneurship", Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Vol.28, No.1, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00029
  31. Hansen, E. L.(1995), "Entrepreneurial networks and new organization growth", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.19, No.4, pp.7-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879501900402
  32. Hassan, N. K.(2009), "Using social network analysis to measure IT-enabled business process performance", Information Systems Management, Vol.26, No.1, pp.61-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530802557762
  33. Hausler, J., H. W. Hohn, and S. Lutz(1994), "Contingencies of innovative networks a case study of successful interim R & D collaboration", Research Policy, Vol.23. No.1, pp.47-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)90026-4
  34. Hoang, H. and B. Antoncic(2003),"Network based research in entrepreneurship A critical Review", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.18, No.2, pp.165-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00081-2
  35. Hymer, S. H.(1960), The international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment, Cambridge, MA:MIT Press
  36. Jiao, Y.(2013), "Overseas business incubatorsa new form of FDI from emerging countries A case study on Belgium-based Chinese business incubators", Master thesis in International Marketing Strategy, Belgium(Belgium):University of Hasselt, pp.1-77
  37. Johanson, J. and E. Vahlne(1997), "The internationaliztion process of the firm : A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitment", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.8, No.1, pp.23-32. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490676
  38. Johanson, J. and E. Vahlne(2009), "The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.40, No.9, pp.1411-1431. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.24
  39. Johnason, J. and L. G. Mattson(1985), "Marketing Investments and Market Investments", EInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 185-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(85)90011-4
  40. Jones, C., W. S. Hesterly, and S. P. Borgatti(1997), "A general theory of Network Governance: Exchange Conditions and Social Mechanisms", The academy of Management Review, Vol.22, No.4, pp.911-945. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1997.9711022109
  41. Jones, R., M. Suoranta, and J. Rowley(2013), "Strategic network marketing in technology SMEs", Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.29, No.5-6, pp.671-697. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2013.797920
  42. Kogut, B. and U. Zander(1992), "Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology", Organization Science, Vol.3, No.3, pp.383-397. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.3.3.383
  43. Kontinen, T. and A. Ojala(2011), "Network ties in the international opportunity recognition of family SMES", International business review, Vol.20, No.4, pp.440-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2010.08.002
  44. Levin, D. Z. and R. Cross(2004), "The strength of weak ties you can trust: the meditating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer", Management Science, Vol.50, No.11, pp.1477-1490. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1030.0136
  45. Li, J.(2009), "Overseas technology incubators for international entrepreneurship: a chinese experiment", The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol.10, No.3, pp.181-190. https://doi.org/10.5367/000000009789067851
  46. Lindstrand, A., S. Melen. S. and E. R. Nordman(2011), "Turning social capital into business: A study of the internationalisation of biotech SMES", International Business Review, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 194-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.01.002
  47. Masutha, M. and C. M. Rogerson(2015), "Business incubation for small enterprise development: South African Pathways", Urban Forum, Vol.26, No.2, pp.223-241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-014-9242-4
  48. Mayer, R. C., J. H. Davis, and F. D. Schoorman(1995), "An integrative model of organizational trust", The Academy of Management Review, Vol.20, No.3, pp.709-734. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1995.9508080335
  49. McAdam, M.., R.. D. McAdam, and C. McCall(2016), "Regional horizontal networks within the SME agri-food sector: An Innovation and Social network perspective", Regional Studies, Vol.50, No.8, pp.1316-1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1007935
  50. McDougall, P. P., S. Shane, and B. M. Oviatt, (1994), "Explaning the formation of International New Ventures : The Limits of Theories from International Business Research", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.9, pp.469-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90017-5
  51. Morten, T., N. N. Hansen, H. Chesbrough, N. Nohria, and D. N. Sull(2000), "Networked incubators: Hothouses of the New Economy", Harvard Business Review, Vol.78, No.5, pp.74-84.
  52. Mowery, D. C., J. E. Oxley, and B. S. Silverman(1996), "Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, No.S2, pp.77-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171108
  53. Musteen. M. and M. Ahsan(2013), "Beyond cost: the role of intellectual capital in offshoring and innovation in young firms", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.37, No.2, pp.421-434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00477.x
  54. O'Donnell, A., A. Gilmore, D. Cummins and D. Carson(2001), "The network construct in entrepreneurship research : A review and a critique", Management Decision, Vol.39, No.9, pp.749-760. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006220
  55. Oparaocha, G. O.(2015), "SMEs and international entrepreneurship: An institutional network perspective", International Business Review, Vol.24, No.5, pp.861-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.03.007
  56. Oviatt, B. M. and P. P. McDougall(1994), "Toward a theory of international new ventures", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.25, No.1, pp.45-64. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490193
  57. Ozgen, E.. and R. A. Baron(2007), "Social sources of information in opporutnity recognition : Effects of mentors, industry network, and professional forums", Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.22, No.2, pp.174-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.12.001
  58. Patton, D., L. Warren, and D. Bream(2009), "Elements that underspin high-tech business incubation processes", The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol.34, No.6, pp.621-636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-009-9105-7
  59. Pauwels, C., B. Clarysse, M. Wright, and J. Van Hove(2016), "Understanding a new generation incubation model: The accelerator", Technovation, Vol.50, pp.13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2015.09.003
  60. Powell, W. W.(1992), "Competitive cooperation in biotechnology: Learning through networks?", Networks and Organizations, 366.
  61. Powell, W. W., K, W, Koput, and L. Smith-Doerr(1996), "Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology", Administrative Science, Vol.41, No.1, pp.116-145. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393988
  62. Rask, M. and A. Bollingtoft(2008), "The export Incubator: Leveraging export assistance with networking?"
  63. Reid, S. D.(1981), "The decision-maker and export entry and expansion", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.12, No.2, pp.101-112. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490581
  64. Reidolf, M.(2016), "Knowledge networks and the nature of knowledge relationships of innovative rural SMEs", European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.19, No.3, pp.317-336. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-06-2015-0043
  65. Rost, K.(2011), "The strength of strong ties in the creation of innovation", Research Policy, Vol.40, No.4, pp.588-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2010.12.001
  66. Shane, S.(2000), "Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities", Organisation Sciences, Vol.11, No.4, pp.448-469. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.4.448.14602
  67. Singh, R. P.(2000), Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition through social networks, New York : Garland publishing.
  68. Slotte-Kock, S. and N. Coviello(2009), "Entrepreneurship research on network processes A review and ways forward", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.34, No.1, pp.31-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00311.x
  69. Soderqvist A. M. and S. Chetty(2009), Strength of ties and their role in pre- founding, start-up and early internationalization, In Proceeding of the 12th McGill International Entrepreneurship Conference.
  70. Sorenson, O. J.(1997), The complexity catastrophe in the computer industry: Interdependence and adaptability in organizational evolution. Stanford University.
  71. Suchman, M. C.(1995), "Managing legitimacy, Strategic and institutional approaches", Academy of Management Review, Vol.20, No.3, pp.571-610. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1995.9508080331
  72. Sullivan, D. M. and M. R. Marve(2011), "Knowledge acquisition network reliance, and early stage technology venture outcomes", Journal of Management Studies, Vol.48, No.6, pp.1169-1193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00998.x
  73. Tavoletti, E.(2013), "Business Incubators: Effective Infrastructure or Waste of Public Money? Looking for a Theoretical Framework, Guidelines and Criteria", Journa of the knowledge economy, Vol.4, No.4 pp.423-443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-012-0090-y
  74. Teece, D. J., G. Pisano, and A. Shuen(1997), "Dynamic Capabilites and Strategic Management", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.18, No.7, pp.509-533 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
  75. Tsai. F. S., L. H. Hsieh, S. C. Fang, and J. L. Lin(2009), "The co-evolution of business incubation and national innovation systems in Taiwan", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol.76, No.5, pp.629-643 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.08.009
  76. Vohora, A., M. Wright, and A. Lockett(2004), "Critical junctures in the development of university high-tech spinout companies", Research Policy, Vol.33, No.1, pp.147-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(03)00107-0
  77. Zahra, S. A. and G. George(2017), "International entrepreneurship: The current status of the field and future research agenda", Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset, pp.253-288.
  78. Zahra, S. A.(2005), "A theory of international new ventures: a decade of research", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.36, No.1, pp.20-28. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400118
  79. Yli-Renko, H., E. Autio, and V. Tontti(2002), "Social capital, knowledge and international growth of Technology-based new firms", International Business Review, Vol.11, No.3, pp.279-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(01)00061-0
  80. Entrepreneur Small Business Encyclopedia, business incubator definition, retrieved from: https://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/business-incubator
  81. Korea Business Development Center (KBDC) www.sbc
  82. Korea Trade and Investment Promotion Agency (KOTRA) www.kotra.or.kr
  83. Korea Ministry of SMEs and Start-ups, business incubator center network system (BI-Net) www.bi.go.kr
  84. Korea Technopark Association www.technopark.kr
  85. Small and Medium Business Corporation (SBC) www.sbc.or.kr
  86. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union