The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Characterizations of Water Quality, and Potential Relationships of Nitrogen Components and Microbes in the Mulgol Pond on Dokdo, Korea

독도 물골의 수질 특성 및 질소화합물과 미생물간의 잠재적 관계

  • WOO, SANG YOON (Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • LEE, HYEON BEEN (Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • JEONG, DONG HYUK (Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • AN, JE BAK (Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • YOUN, JIN SUK (Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • PAK, JAE-HONG (Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • PARK, JONG SOO (Department of Oceanography, Kyungpook National University)
  • 우상윤 (경북대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 이현빈 (경북대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 정동혁 (경북대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 안제박 (경북대학교 해양학과) ;
  • 윤진석 (경북대학교 생명과학부 생물학전공) ;
  • 박재홍 (경북대학교 생명과학부 생물학전공) ;
  • 박종수 (경북대학교 해양학과)
  • Received : 2020.12.22
  • Accepted : 2021.04.19
  • Published : 2021.05.31
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Abstract

Water in the Mulgol pond on Dokdo (island), Korea, was historically used for drinking water, but now it has been no longer used for this purpose due to regionally low water quality. Since 2007, this pond has been covered with a metal lid to protect from pollutants of seabirds, indicating limited light penetration into the Mulgol pond. Here, we investigated water quality in the pond and potential relationships of nitrogen components and microbes in May, June, August, and November 2020. The source salinity ranged from 1.39 to 1.57 psu. Suspended solids (0.8~5.1 mg L-1) and chlorophyll-a (<0.01~0.49 ㎍ L-1) remained low. The concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was between 35.9 and 47.2 mg L-1. Thus, water in the Mulgol pond proves to be brackish water with low chlorophyll-a and high nutrients. This unique environment may be established by limited light intensity, sea fog (or seawater), and fecal pellets from many seabirds. Although the light source (800~8000 lux) was exposed to the four subsamples, chlorophyll-a concentrations were below <0.5 ㎍ L-1 during the incubation periods. This result suggests that the biomass of phytoplankton does not increase along with an increase in light intensity. Furthermore, the content of nitrate constituted more than 90% of DIN, and a significant negative correlation between nitrate concentration and bacterial abundance was shown in May and June 2020 during the light exposure experiments (R=-0.762, p<0.05). Thus, it is possible that bacteria may be a significant agent to reduce nitrate concentration in the Mulgol pond, the relationship between nitrate concentration and bacterial abundance may vary seasonally.

대한민국 대양섬 독도의 담수인 물골은 과거에 음용수로 활용되었지만 수질 악화 때문에 더 이상 음용수의 역할을 하지 못하고 있다. 2007년부터 물골은 바닷새에 의한 오염원의 유입을 차단하기 위해서 덮개를 덮어 보호하고 있으며 이는 매우 낮은 광도를 유지하고 있음을 의미한다. 본 조사는 2020년 5월, 6월, 8월, 11월 물골의 수질 평가 및 질소화합물과 미생물간의 잠재적 상호관계를 파악하기 위해서 수행되었다. 4차례 조사에서 물골의 염분은 1.39~1.57 psu의 범위로 나타났다. 또한, 낮은 부유물질량(범위: 0.8~5.1 mg L-1) 및 엽록소-a 농도(범위: <0.01~0.49 ㎍ L-1)와 상당히 높은 용존 무기 질소 농도(범위: 35.9~47.2 mg L-1)가 측정되었다. 따라서 물골 수질 특성은 엽록소-a 농도가 낮으며, 영양분이 매우 높은 기수환경이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 독특한 물골의 환경적 특성은 빛의 차단, 독도 주변의 해무(또는 해수)와 많은 수의 바닷새 배설물 때문으로 판단된다. 한편, 물골 시료에 광노출(800~8000 lux)을 했음에도 불구하고 엽록소-a는 모두 <0.5 ㎍ L-1로 낮은 값을 보였다. 이는 광도 증가에 따라 식물플랑크톤 생물량이 크게 증가되지 않았음을 시사한다. 더불어 용존 무기 질소 중 질산염이 >90% 차지하였고, 2020년 5월과 6월 광노출 실험에서 질산염 농도와 박테리아 개체수 간에 통계적으로 유의한 음의 상관관계가 나타났다(R=-0.762, p<0.05). 그러므로 독도 물골 내 종속영양 박테리아는 질산염 감소에 중요한 요인이고, 종속영양 박테리아와 질산염 간의 관계는 계절적인 차이가 있는 것으로 여겨진다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

두 분 심사위원의 원고에 대한 유용하고 귀중한 고견에 감사의 말씀을 전합니다. 본 논문은 정부의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구입니다(NRF-2016R1A6A1A05011910과 NRF-2019R1A2C2002379).

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