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Study on the Characteristics of Materials and Manufacturing Techniques for the Mural Paintings in Daeunjeon at Ssanggyesa Temple, Jindo

진도 쌍계사 대웅전 벽화의 재질특성 및 제작기법 연구

  • Lee, Na Ra (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Yu, Yeong Gyeong (Institute of Conservation of Paintings, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Hwa Soo (Department of Formative Arts, Konkuk University)
  • 이나라 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 유영경 (건국대학교 회화보존연구소) ;
  • 이화수 (건국대학교 조형예술학과)
  • Received : 2021.10.15
  • Accepted : 2021.11.16
  • Published : 2021.12.20

Abstract

This study identifies the structure and material characteristics of the mural paintings in Daeungjeon at Ssanggyesa temple in Jindo by conducting scientific research and analysis including microscope examination, SEM-EDS, XRD, particle size analysis, and others. According to the analyses, the murals were considered to be of a typical soil mural style for Korean Buddhist murals, given that the walls were made of sand and soil and the murals had layers consisting of wall layers and a finishing layer. However, some finishing layer used calcite, while some ground layer used zinc white beneath the thick paint. In addition, there were similar features to those found on the surfaces of oil paintings such as cracks along with the paint layer, high gloss on surfaces, and thick brush strokes in many areas. It was found that the walls on which the murals were painted were made of soil but that the paint layer was created based on the oil painting technique using drying oil. It determined that the murals were painted in a unique painting style that is rarely found in other typical Buddhist murals in Korea.

본 연구에서는 진도 쌍계사 대웅전 내부 벽화를 대상으로 현미경 조사, SEM-EDS, XRD, 입도분석 등을 통한 과학적 조사를 실시하여 벽화의 구조 및 재질특성을 파악하였다. 분석결과 벽체는 모래와 풍화토 등 토양을 사용하여 벽체를 제작하였으며, 초벽층, 중벽층, 그리고 마감층의 층위를 구성한 점들을 미루어 볼 때 전형적인 사찰벽화 토벽화 제작양식을 반영하고 있다. 그러나 토벽체 위에 석회로 마감층을 조성하고, 그 위에 징크 화이트를 사용하여 바탕칠한점 등의 특이점이 확인되었다. 또한 채색층의 균열 양상, 화면의 광택, 두께감 있는 붓 터치 등 유화 기법으로 제작된 회화 표면과 유사한 특징들이 관찰되었다. 연구 결과, 진도 쌍계사 대웅전 내부 벽화는 흙으로 벽체를 조성하였으나, 채색층은 건성유를 사용한 서양화 기법이 쓰인 것으로 판단되며, 이는 국내 현존하는 사찰벽화에서 유화 기법이 사용된 최초 연구 사례로 볼 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 문화재청 국립문화재연구소 문화유산 조사연구(R&D) 사업의 지원을 받아 수행되었다.

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