재활치료과학 (Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation)

  • 제10권2호
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  • Pages.75-93
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  • 2021
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  • 2635-9340(pISSN)
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  • 2671-4329(eISSN)
대한신경계작업치료학회 (Korean Society of Neurological Occupational Therapy)
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잠재프로파일 분석을 활용한 한국 노인 라이프스타일 유형화와 영향요인 분석

Predicting Healthy Lifestyle Patterns in Older Community Dwelling Adults: A Latent Profile Analysis

  • 박강현 (강원대학교 작업치료학과) ;
  • 양민아 (오산시 치매안심센터) ;
  • 원경아 (인천광역시 광역치매센터) ;
  • 박지혁 (연세대학교 소프트웨어디지털헬스케어융합대학 작업치료학과)
  • Park, Kang-Hyun (Dept. of Occupational Therapy, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yang, Min Ah (Osan Dementia Center) ;
  • Won, Kyung-A (Incheon Metropolitan Dementia Center) ;
  • Park, Ji-Hyuk (Dept. of Occupational Therapy, College of Software Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University)
  • 투고 : 2021.01.13
  • 심사 : 2021.03.03
  • 발행 : 2021.05.31
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초록

목적 : 본 연구는 고령자의 라이프스타일이 어떤 형태로 유형화되는지에 대해 라이프스타일 잠재 집단 유형을 분석하고 각 집단의 유형별 특성을 파악하여 고령자의 건강과 삶의 질 증진을 위한 기초자료를 마련하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구방법 : 본 연구에는 횡단연구방법이 사용되었다. 2019년 4월부터 5월까지 고령자의 라이프스타일 유형을 파악하기 위해 만 65세 이상의 국내 지역사회 거주 노인 184명을 대상으로 설문조사가 이루어 졌다. 수집된 설문자료를 활용하여 잠재프로파일분석(LPA)을 실시하였고, 도출된 각 유형별 특성과 영향요인을 확인하기 위해 χ2 검정, 다항로지스틱회귀분석 등을 활용하였다. 결과 : 연구결과, 고령자의 라이프스타일은 중 첫 번째 영역인 신체적 활동부분에서는 '소극적 운동 참여형(31.1%)', '저강도 운동 집중형(54.5%)'과 '균형적 운동 참여형(14.5%)'인 3개의 잠재집단으로 분류되었다. 활동 참여의 경우 '비활동형(12%)', '생활유지형(61%)', '활동적 노년형(27%)'인 3집단으로 분류되었으며, 마지막 식이습관에 대한 경우 '전반적 영양부족형(13.5%)'과 '균형적 영양 섭취형(86.5%)' 2집단으로 분류되었다. 또한 라이프스타일 유형이 고령자의 건강과 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 다항로지스틱회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 활동적·균형적 라이프스타일에 속할수록 삶의 질과 건강 수준이 전반적으로 높은 곳으로 확인되었다. 또한 이러한 유형의 예측요인에서 성별, 교육수준, 거주지역 등이 주요하게 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 고령자가 보다 다양한 활동에 균형적으로 참여하고, 활동적인 일상생활을 수행할 때 건강과 삶의 만족도가 증진됨이 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 토대로 고령자의 라이프스타일 유형에 맞춘 실증적·정책적 개입 방안을 제안하였다.

Objective : The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of older adults with respect to their lifestyle patterns and examine the characteristics of each subgroup in order to provide a basic evidence for improving the health and quality of life. Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in South Korea. Community-dwelling older adults (n=184) above the age of 65 years were surveyed from April 2019 to May 2019. This study used latent profile analysis to examine the subgroups. Chi-squared (χ2) and multinomial logistic regression measures were then used to analyze individual characteristics and influencing factors. Results : The pattern of physical activity which is one of the lifestyle domains in elderly was categorized into three types: 'passive exercise type (31.1%)', 'low intensity exercise type (54.5%)', and 'balanced exercise type(14.5%)'. Activity participation was divided into three patterns: 'inactive type (12%)', 'self-management type (61%)', and 'balanced activity participation type (27%)'. In terms of nutrition, there were only two groups: 'overall malnutrition type (13.5%)' and 'balanced nutrition type (86.5%)'. Furthermore, as a result of the multinomial logistic regression analysis to understand the effects of lifestyle types on the health and quality of life of the elderly, it was confirmed that the health and quality of life were higher in those following an active and balanced lifestyle. In addition, gender, education level and residential area were analyzed as predictive factors. Conclusion : The health and quality of life of the elderly can be improved when they have balanced lifestyle. Therefore, an empirical and policy intervention strategy should be developed and implemented to enhance the health and quality of life of the elderly.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018S1A3A2074904).

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