DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Flatfoot on the Activities of Medial and Lateral Plantar Flexor Muscle During Heel Rising

  • Jung, Hui-won (Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Inje University) ;
  • Yoo, Won-gyu (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care Medical Science and Engineering, Inje University)
  • Received : 2021.01.15
  • Accepted : 2021.04.20
  • Published : 2021.05.20

Abstract

Background: Flat feet can be identified by assessing the collapse of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and these conditions can trigger epidemiological changes in the feet. Many of previous studies compared the muscle activity of lower body in terms of intervention and dynamics to treat the structural defect of flat feet. However, few studies have investigated or analyzed the muscle activity of gastrocnemius muscle in the subjects with flat feet. Objects: This study investigated the differences in changes of medial and lateral plantar flexors in subjects with flat feet during bipedal heel-rise (BHR) task and analyzed the differences in muscle activity between two groups by measuring the electromyography (EMG) of abductor hallucis (AH), tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG). Methods: A total of Twenty one adult females participated in this experiment. Subjects were assigned to groups according to the navicular drop test. The task was applied to the leg, where the heel lifting action prevailed. The muscle activity of the medial and lateral feet plantar flexors was evaluated, and the % maximum voluntary isometric contractions (%MVIC) of these were compared. Results: For the difference between groups the muscle activity (%MVIC) of LG muscle was statistically significantly low in flat feet group compared to healthy feet group (flat feet: 64.57, healthy feet: 90.17; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study will contribute to identifying the muscle activities of medial and lateral feet plantar flexors among subjects with flat feet, which can cause abnormal epidemiological changes in the feet.

Keywords

References

  1. Richie DH Jr. Biomechanics and clinical analysis of the adult acquired flatfoot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2007;24(4):617-44, vii.
  2. Neumann DA. Ankle and foot. In: Neumann DA editor. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: foundations for rehabilitation. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2009.
  3. Fiolkowski P, Brunt D, Bishop M, Woo R, Horodyski M. Intrinsic pedal musculature support of the medial longitudinal arch: an electromyography study. J Foot Ankle Surg 2003;42(6):327-33. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2003.10.003
  4. Bishop C, Arnold JB, May T. Effects of taping and orthoses on foot biomechanics in adults with flat-arched feet. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016;48(4):689-96. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000807
  5. Subotnick SI. The biomechanics of running. Implications for the prevention of foot injuries. Sports Med 1985;2(2):144-53. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198502020-00006
  6. Magee DJ. Orthopedic physical assessment. 5th ed. St. Louis: W.B. Saunders; 2008.
  7. Park MC. The effect of low-dye taping on muscle activity during single-leg standing in people with flatfoot. J Korean Soc Phys Med 2013;8(4):533-8. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2013.8.4.533
  8. Hong Y, Li JX, Fong DT. Effect of prolonged walking with backpack loads on trunk muscle activity and fatigue in children. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2008;18(6):990-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2007.06.013
  9. Murley GS, Menz HB, Landorf KB. Foot posture influences the electromyographic activity of selected lower limb muscles during gait. J Foot Ankle Res 2009;2:35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-2-35
  10. Riemann BL, Limbaugh GK, Eitner JD, LeFavi RG. Medial and lateral gastrocnemius activation differences during heel-raise exercise with three different foot positions. J Strength Cond Res 2011;25(3):634-9. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cc22b8
  11. Hunt AE, Smith RM. Mechanics and control of the flat versus normal foot during the stance phase of walking. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2004;19(4):391-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.010
  12. Thordarson DB, Schmotzer H, Chon J, Peters J. Dynamic support of the human longitudinal arch. A biomechanical evaluation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1995;(316):165-72.
  13. Cibulka M, Wenthe A, Boyle Z, Callier D, Schwerdt A, Jarman D, et al. Variation in medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activity with foot position. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2017;12(2): 233-41.
  14. Lange B, Chipchase L, Evans A. The effect of low-Dye taping on plantar pressures, during gait, in subjects with navicular drop exceeding 10 mm. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2004; 34(4):201-9.
  15. Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2000;10(5):361-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-6411(00)00027-4
  16. Arinci Incel N, Genc H, Erdem HR, Yorgancioglu ZR. Muscle imbalance in hallux valgus: an electromyographic study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82(5):345-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002060-200305000-00003
  17. Criswell E. Cram's introduction to surface electromyography. 2nd ed. Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett; 2011;371-3.
  18. Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, Rodgers M, Romani W. Muscles: testing and function with posture and pain. 5th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005;400.
  19. Lee JE, Park GH, Lee YS, Kim MK. A comparison of muscle activities in the lower extremity between flat and normal feet during one-leg standing. J Phys Ther Sci 2013;25(9):1059-61. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.1059
  20. Daniels L, Worthingham C. Muscle testing, techniques of manual examination. Am J Phys Med 1974;53(5):241.