Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

The Influence of Senior Entrepreneurship Competency and Start-up Support Policy on Entrepreneurship Intention: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Mentoring

시니어 창업자 역량과 창업지원정책이 창업의지에 미치는 영향: 멘토링의 조절효과를 중심으로

  • 김영태 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 정보경영학과) ;
  • 허철무 (호서대학교 벤처대학원 정보경영학과)
  • Received : 2021.03.08
  • Accepted : 2021.04.23
  • Published : 2021.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

With the recent increase in senior retirement, and senior start-ups are becoming more active due to high interest in start-ups. Research on young entrepreneurship, including college students, is being actively conducted, but most of the preceding research on senior entrepreneurship was conducted mainly on personal characteristics and social environment, and there were not many empirical studies on the influencing factors of entrepreneurship support policies. In this study, research and discussion on the entrepreneurial support policy and entrepreneurial competence as the influencing factors of senior entrepreneurship. As the independent variable of this study, the founder's competency was adopted as two factors: technical competence and creative competency, and the entrepreneurial support policy was divided into education support and funding support. Mentoring was set as a controlling variable and entrepreneurial intention was set as a dependent variable. A total of 232 questionnaires collected from seniors in their 40s or older were empirically analyzed. To verify the hypothesis of the study, SPSS 23 was used for exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis, and Process 3.4 was used for moderation effect. As a result of the study, it was found that the factors of technical competence, creative competence, educational support, and funding all have a significant influence on the will of entrepreneurship. It was found that creative competency(𝛽=.318), funding support(𝛽=.188), educational support(𝛽=.152), and technical competence(𝛽=.139), in this order, influenced the entrepreneurial intention. It was verified that the moderating effect of mentoring was significant between technical competence, creative competence, and entrepreneurial intention, but the moderating effect of mentoring between educational support, funding and entrepreneurial intention was not. The implications of this study will contribute to the research of senior start-up support policies, institutional supplementation, and differentiated start-up support programs by studying the factors of senior start-up capabilities and start-up support policies. It is also believed that it will contribute to the search for ways to increase creative capabilities that have a high influence on the willingness to start a business and the expansion of mentoring functions.

최근 시니어의 퇴직이 많아지며 창업에 대한 높은 관심으로 시니어 창업이 활발해지고 있다. 대학생을 포함한 청년 창업에 대한 연구는 활발하게 이루고 있으나 시니어 창업에 대한 선행연구 대부분은 개인적 특성과 사회 환경에 대한 연구 위주로 진행되었으며 창업지원정책의 영향요인에 대한 실증적인 연구는 많지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 시니어 창업의 영향요인으로 창업지원정책과 창업자 역량에 대한 연구와 논의를 하였다. 본 연구의 독립변수로 창업자 역량을 기술적 역량, 창의적 역량의 두 가지 요인을 채택하였고 창업지원정책은 교육지원, 자금지원으로 구분하였다. 조절변수로 멘토링, 종속변수로는 창업의지를 설정하였다. 연구대상인 40대 이상 시니어들로부터 수집한 총 232부의 설문지를 실증분석 하였다. 연구의 가설 검증을 위해서 탐색적 요인분석과 회귀분석은 SPSS 23, 조절효과는 Process 3.4를 활용하였다. 연구결과 기술적 역량, 창의적 역량, 교육지원, 자금지원의 요인은 모두 창업의지에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 창의적 역량(𝛽=.318), 자금지원(𝛽=.188), 교육지원(𝛽=.152), 기술적 역량(𝛽=.139)순으로 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기술적 역량 및 창의적 역량과 창업의지 간에 멘토링의 조절효과는 유의하게 나타났으나, 교육지원 및 자금지원과 창업의지 간 멘토링의 조절효과는 유의하지 않은 것으로 검증되었다. 본 연구의 시사점은 시니어 예비창업자들의 창업역량과 창업지원정책을 위주로 창업의지를 활성화하는 영향요인을 연구함으로써 시니어 창업지원정책의 연구와 제도적 보완 그리고 차별화된 창업지원프로그램 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 창업의지에 높은 영향력이 있는 창의적 역량을 높이기 위한 방안 모색과 멘토링 기능의 확대방안에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S. K.(2016). The effect of entrepreneurship education and institutional support on self-efficacy and willingness to start a business, Doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang University.
  2. Baucus, D. A., & Human, S. E.(1994). Second Career Entrepreneurs : A Multiple Case Study Analysis of Entrepreneurial Processes and Antecedent Variables, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(2), 41-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879501900204
  3. Chandler, G. N., & Hanks S. H.(1994). Market attractiveness, resource-based capabilities, venture strategies, and venture performance, Journal of business venturing, 9(4), 331-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90011-6
  4. Chang, Y. M.(2019). The Effects of Senior's Internal and External Factors on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on the Moderating Effect of Social Support, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  5. Cho, B. J.(2020). The Effect of the Presence of Angel Investors on Entrepreneurial Intentions Depending on Capabilities of Student Entrepreneurs, Korean Management Consulting Review, 20(1), 149-162.
  6. Cho, J. H.(2017). The Development and Validation Study of the Entrepreneurial Mentoring Scale, Korean Society of Business Venturing, 12(5), 67-77.
  7. Choi, S. H, Won, S. K., & Han, S. S.(2016). A study on the effect of university entrepreurship education on entrepreneurial intention in Gangnueng area, International Area Studies Review, 20(4), 185-201. https://doi.org/10.21212/iasr.20.4.10
  8. Choi, Y. A.(2019). The Impact of Personal and Social Preparation on the Intention of Entrepreneurship : Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Age, Korean Corporation Management Review, 26(3), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.21052/kcmr.2019.26.3.05
  9. Chung, C. Y.(2020). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education for Seniors on Entrepreneurship Intention: Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior and Self-determination Theory, Korean Society of Business Venturing, 15(4), 69-81.
  10. Colley, H.(2003). Engagement Mentoring for Socially Excluded Youth : Problematising an 'Holistic' Approach to Creating Employ Ability through the Transformation of Habitus, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 31(1), 77-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/0306988031000086189
  11. Gartner, W. B., & Vesper, K. H.(1997). Measuring progress in entrepreneurship education, Journal of Business venturing, 12(5), 403-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00009-8
  12. Hayes, A. F.(2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach, NY, Guilford publications
  13. Hong, J. P.(2015). A study on the Start-Up Intention Determinants of University Student, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  14. Ji, H. S.(2019). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Supporting Policy for Pre-entrepreneurs on the Recognition and Assessment of Opportunities : Focus on the Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Motivation, Master thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  15. Johnson, B. R.(1990). Toward a multidimensional model of entrepreneurship : The case of achievement motivation the entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879001400306
  16. Jung, D. S.(2016). An Emperical Study on Factors Affecting Start-up Intention : Focused on Individual Characteristics and Career Orientation, Korean Industrial Economic Association, 29(4), 1565-1586.
  17. Kang, B. S.(2020). Impacts of Seniors' Entrepreneur Competency and Startup Support on Entrepreneurship Efficacy, Opportunity Awareness, and Startup Intention, Doctoral dissertation, Sejong University.
  18. Katz, J., & Gartner, W. B.(1988). Properties of emerging organizations, Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 429-441. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1988.4306967
  19. Kierulff, H. E.(2005). Entrepreneurship education in Poland: Findings from the field. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 15(1), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20015
  20. Kil, D. H.(2019). The Effects of Senior Generations' Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Intention, Korea Technology Innovation Society, 243-255.
  21. Kim, J. G.(2017). An Empirical Study on Relationship between the Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on Mediating Effect of Participating in the Venture Contest : Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Supporting Policy, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  22. Kim, J. J.(2020). A Study of the Factors affecting Senior Entrepreneurship Business Performance, Doctoral dissertation, Chung-Ang University.
  23. Kim, J. U.(2014). A Study on the Influence Factors on University Students' Will to Start a Business: Focusing on the motivation of start-ups and the timing of start-up plans. Venture start-up research, 9(1), 79-87.
  24. Kim, Y. S.(2015). TheEffectsofPotentialEntrepreneurs'Personal CharacteristicandEnvironmentFactoron Entrepreneurial Intentions : The Moderating Effects of Age, Master's Thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  25. Kim, Y. T.(2017). The Effects of Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Competence and Attitude on Undergraduate Entrepreneurial Intention, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.12.2.201704.13
  26. Kram, K. E.(1983). Phases of the mentor relationship, Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 608-625. https://doi.org/10.2307/255910
  27. Kwak, D. S.(2020). Effects of Mentor Capabilities and Mentoring Functions on Multi-Dimensional Trust and Entrepreneurial Intention Formation, Doctoral dissertation, Mokwon University.
  28. Kwon, M. H., & Yang, H. S.(2016). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Supporting Policy and Entrepreneurship on Entrepreneurial Intention in the fusion of industries : Considering the moderating effect of the business failure burden and self-efficacy, The Society of Digital Policy and Management, 14(5), 21-37.
  29. Lee, G. M.(2018). Entrepreneur Characteristics and Startup Preparedness on Business Continuity, Doctoral dissertation, Busan University.
  30. Lee, H. K.(2017). A study on the determinants of performance in technology-based start-up enterprises : focused on the effects of the government support policy, Doctoral dissertation, Korea University.
  31. Lee, H. Y.(2018). A Study on the Entrepreneurial Competency Model in Early-and Late-Stage Technology-Based Ventures, Korean Society of Business Venturing, 13(4), 99-116.
  32. Lee, Y. J.(2018). An Impact of Entrepreneurs' Perceived Satisfaction with Start-up Assistance Project on Start ups' Management Performance, Master thesis, Hanbat National University.
  33. Lim, A. R.(2015). The Effect of Youth Entrepreneurs' Competence on Entrepreneurial Behavior and Entrepreneurial Performance, Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of Chosun University.
  34. Lim, G. S., & Jeon, I. O.(2015). A Study on Entrepreneurship Support Systems affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of the Potential Founder, Journal Of The Korea Contents Association, 15(11), 422-432. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.11.422
  35. Moon, S. S.(2018). Impacts of Entrepreneurship and Social Capital on Seniors' Entrepreneurial Intention: Focused on The Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  36. Noe, R. A.(1988). An Investigation of the Determinants of Successful Assigned Mentoring Relationships, Personal Psychology, 41(3), 457-479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00638.x
  37. Noh, H. C.(2018). Personal characteristics of prospective entrepreneurs and the impact of government support policies on their will to start a business : Focusing on the adjustment effect of government support policies, Doctoral dissertation, Daejeon University.
  38. Oh, S. H.(2014). A Comparative Study of the Influence of Start up Environment on Young Adult and Senior's Entrepreneurial Intention-Focusing the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  39. Park, N. G., Kim, M. S., & Ko, J. W.(2015). The Effect of the Governments Entrepreneurial Support Policy on Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention, Korean Society of Business Venturing, 10(6), 89-98.
  40. Park, S. Y., & Kim, S. W.(2012). The Relations between Self-Efficacy of Mentor and Satisfaction of Mentoring Program : Focused on the Moderation Effect of Coordinator Role, Korea Youth Research Association, 19(6), 129-147.
  41. Park, Y. H.(2014). A Study on the Effect of Mentoring on the Entrepreneurial and Management Performance, Master's Thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  42. Ryu, S. J.(2016). The Influence of Decision-Making Tendencies and Entrepreneurial Supporting Policies on Senior Entrepreneurial Success, Doctoral dissertation, Hoseo University.
  43. Seo, S. R.(2018). Influence of Youth's Entrepreneurial Competence on Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Behavior : The Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Intention and The Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurial Education, Doctoral dissertation, Chosun University.
  44. Shapero, A., & Sokol, L.(1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. The encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice-Hall, 72-90
  45. Shea, G.(1995). Can a supervisor mentor?: Mentoring begins and ends with you. Supervision, 56, 3-3.
  46. Ministry of SMEs and Startups(2019). 2019 Government Startup Support Project Integrated Announcement Press Release, Retrieved(2021. 02.01) from https://korea.kr/.
  47. Korea Institute of Startup & Entrepreneurship Development (2020). 2019 Startup Companies Survey, Retrieved(2021.02.01.) from https://www.kised.or.kr/.
  48. Yang, S. Y., Kim, M. S., & Jung, H. Y.(2011). Effects of Entrepreneurial Competence and Technology Commercialization of Technology Start-ups on Management Performance, Korean Society of Business Venturing, 1-23.
  49. Yoon, I. C.(2017). Effect on startup mentoring, education satisfaction, and startup intention according to the individual characteristic of university student. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 8(6), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2017.8.6.265