Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Fog Formation and Visibility Estimation in Waterfront Area Using Meteorological Model

수치 대기 모델을 이용한 수변 지역 안개 발생 및 시정 산정에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Eun-ji (Department of Earth Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Kang-yeol (Department of Earth Environment System, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Chang-hyoun (Institute of Environmental Studies, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Soon-hwan (Department of Earth Science Education, Pusan National University)
  • 김은지 (부산대학교 지구과학과) ;
  • 이강열 (부산대학교 지구환경시스템) ;
  • 박창현 (부산대학교 환경연구원) ;
  • 이순환 (부산대학교 지구과학교육과)
  • Received : 2021.01.04
  • Accepted : 2021.02.04
  • Published : 2021.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Fog can have severe impacts on human life (e.g., accidents in transportation systems) because it causes low visibility. Areas prone to fog near the sea or a river require accurate fog forecasts. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of fog occurrence around Gumi Reservoir, a part of the inland Nakdong River. We also simulated and predicted visibility using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Visibility was estimated using several point measurements and several different methods: Stoelinga and Warner (SW99), Rapid Update Cycle (RUC), the Forecast System Laboratory (FSL), Decision Tree (DT), revised visibility (RVIS) and Gultepe_06 methods. The DT method showed a pattern similar to the observed fog occurrences. In this study, the Gulteppe_06 method produced the best performance under the lowest visibility situation, although there is some discrepancy in microphysics' simulated results, followed by DT and RUC.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 부산대학교 교수 국외 장기 파견지원비에 의하여 연구되었습니다.

References

  1. Akimoto, Y., Kusaka, H., 2015, A Climatological study of fog in Japan based on event data, Atmos. Res., 11, 200-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.04.003
  2. Baek, S. J., Lee, K. O., Leem, H. H., Lee, H. W., 2007, Climatological analysis of fog occurrence at Chuncheon, J. Environ. Sci., 16, 583-591. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2007.16.5.583
  3. Bang, C. H., Lee, J. W., Hong, S. Y,, 2008, Predictability experiments of fog and visibility in local airports over Korea using the WRF model, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 24, 92-101.
  4. Benjamin, S. G., Devenyi, D., Weygandt, S. S., Brundage, K. J., Brown, J. M., Grell, G. A., Kim, D. S., Schwartz, B. E. Smirnova, T. G, Smith, T. L., Manikin, G. S., 2004, An Hourly assimilation forecast cycle: The RUC. Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 495-518. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0495:AHACTR>2.0.CO;2
  5. Bergot, T., Terradellas, E., Cuxart, J., Mira, A., Liechti, O., Mueller, M., Nielsen, N. W., 2007, Intercomparison of single-column numerical models for the prediction of radiation fog, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 46, 504-521. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2475.1
  6. Bott, A., Trautmann, T., 2002, PAFOG A new efficient forecast model of radiation fog and low-level stratiform clouds. Atmos. Res., 64, 191-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00091-1
  7. Cho, Y. K., Kim, M. O., Kim, B. C., 2000, Sea fog around the Korean peninsula, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 2473-2479. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<2473:SFATKP>2.0.CO;2
  8. Gultepe, I., Isaac, G. A., 1999, Scale effects on averaging of cloud droplet and aerosol number concentrations: observations and models, J. Clim., 12, 1268-1279. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1268:SEOAOC>2.0.CO;2
  9. Gultepe, I., Isaac, G. A., 2004, Microphysical parameterization for mixed phase clouds using in-situ observations. 14th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation (ICCP), Bologna, Italy, WMO and Cosponsors, 1326-1329.
  10. Gultepe, I., Muller, M. D., Boybeyi, Z., 2006, A New visibility parameterization for warm-fog applications in numerical weather prediction models, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 45, 1469-1480. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2423.1
  11. Heo, K. Y., Ha, K. J., Mahrt, L., Shim, J. S., 2010, Comparison of advection and steam fogs: from direct observation over the sea, Atmos. Res., 98, 426-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.08.004
  12. Kim, H. D., Cho, C. B., Seo, K. S., 2016, Micro-meteorological characteristics during the steam fog over the Gumi reservoir of Nakdong river, J. Environ. Sci. Int., 25, 405-415. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2016.25.3.405
  13. Kim, J. S., Kim, J. H., Park, S. H., Kim, Y. C., 2013, The study of characteristics of Korea fog and forecast guidance, J. Korean Soc. Aviat. Aeronaut., 21, 68-73. https://doi.org/10.12985/ksaa.2013.21.1.068
  14. Kim, W. H., Yum, S. S., 2015, Development and validation of the coupled system of Unified Model(UM) and PArameterized FOG(PAFOG), Atmos., 25, 149-154. https://doi.org/10.14191/Atmos.2015.25.1.149
  15. Kim, W. H., Yum, S. S., Kim, C. K., 2019, Numerical simulation of sea fog over the Yellow sea: comparison between UM+PAFOG and WRF+PAFOG coupled systems, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 89-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-019-00134-9
  16. Kim, Y. K., Kim, H., Seo, J. W., An, H. Y., Choi, Y. H., 2017, Meteorological analysis of the sea fog in winter season on Gyeonggi bay, Yellow sea: a case study for the 106-vehicle pileup on February 11, 2015. J. Coast. Res., 79, 124-128. https://doi.org/10.2112/SI79-026.1
  17. Knapp, D. I., 1996, Development of a surface visibility algorithm for worldwide use with mesoscale model output. In conference of weather analysis and forecasting, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 15, 83-86.
  18. KoROAD, 2020, Statistical analysis of traffic accidents, Report, No. 2020-0202-006, Korea Road traffic authority, Wonju, Korea.
  19. Muller, M. D., 2006, Numerical simulation of fog and radiation in complex terrain: results from COST-722, Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
  20. Lee, K. M., Suh, M. S. 2011, A Study on the characteristics of fog and development of prediction technique in the Chung-Cheong area, J. Climate Res., 6, 200-218.
  21. Lim, K. S. S., 2019, Bulk-type cloud microphysics parameterization in atmospheric models, Atmos., 29, 227-239. https://doi.org/10.14191/ATMOS.2019.29.2.227
  22. Mun, S. H., Lee, S. H., 2013, A Study on the change of fog frequency and duration hours in South Korea, J. Clim. Res. inst., 8(2), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.14383/cri.2013.8.2.93
  23. Park, J. S., Lim, Y. K., Kim, K. R., Cho, C. B., Jang, J. Y., Kang, M. S., Kim, B. J., 2015, Atmospheric characteristics of fog incidents at the Nakdong river: Case study in Gangjeong-Goryung weir, J. Environ. Sci. Int., 24, 657-670. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2015.24.5.657
  24. Park, J. S., Kim, K. R., Kang, M. S., Kim, B. J., 2017, The influence of evaporation from a stream on fog events in the middle Nadong river, J. Korean Earth Sci. Soc., 38, 395-404. https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2017.38.6.395
  25. Shim, H. N., Lee, Y. H., 2017, Influence of local wind on occurrence of fog at inland area, Atmos. , 27, 213-224. https://doi.org/10.14191/Atmos.2017.27.2.213
  26. Stoelinga, M. T., Warner, T. T., 1999, Nonhydrostatic, mesobeta-scale model simulations of cloud ceiling and visibility for an east coast winter precipitation event, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 385-404. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0385:NMSMSO>2.0.CO;2
  27. Tardif, R., 2007, The impact of vertical resolution in the explicit numerical forecasting of radiation fog: A case study, Pure Appl. Geophys., 164, 1221-1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-007-0216-5
  28. Tardif, R., Rasmussen, M., 2007, Event-based climatology and typology of fog in the New York city region, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 46, 1141-1168. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2516.1
  29. Thompson, G., R., Rasmussen, M., Manning, K., 2004, Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. part I: description and sensitivity analysis. Mon. Weather Rev., 132, 519-542. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0519:EFOWPU>2.0.CO;2
  30. Wantuch, F., 2001, Visibility and fog forecasting based on decision tree method, Idojaras, 105, 29-38.
  31. WMO, 2018, Guide to instruments and methods of observation volume I -, measurements of meteorological variables, Report 8, ISBN 978-92-63-10008-5, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Swiss.