Acknowledgement
This research is supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20201510100020).
References
- A. Elenas, K. Meskouris, Correlation study between seismic acceleration parameters and damage indices of structures, Eng. Struct. 23 (6) (2001) 698-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00074-2
- K. Kostinakis, A. Athanatopoulou, K. Morfidis, Correlation between ground motion intensity measures and seismic damage of 3D R/C buildings, Eng. Struct. 82 (2015) 151-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.10.035
- J.R. Pejovic, N.N. Serdar, R.R. Pejovic, Optimal intensity measures for probabilistic seismic demand models of RC high-rise buildings, Earthq. Struct. 13 (3) (2017) 221-230. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.13.3.221
- J.E. Padgett, B.G. Nielson, R. DesRoches, Selection of optimal intensity measures in probabilistic seismic demand models of highway bridge portfolios, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dynam. 37 (5) (2008) 711-725. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.782
- V. Jahangiri, M. Yazdani, M.S. Marefat, Intensity measures for the seismic response assessment of plain concrete arch bridges, Bull. Earthq. Eng. 16 (9) (2018) 4225-4248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0334-8
- C. Zelaschi, R. Monteiro, R. Pinho, Critical assessment of intensity measures for seismic response of Italian RC bridge portfolios, J. Earthq. Eng. 23 (6) (2019) 980-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1342293
- H.N. Phan, F. Paolacci, Efficient intensity measures for probabilistic seismic response analysis of anchored above-ground liquid steel storage tanks, in: Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016.
- Z. Chen, J. Wei, Correlation between ground motion parameters and lining damage indices for mountain tunnels, Nat. Hazards 65 (3) (2013) 1683-1702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0437-5
- D.D. Nguyen, D. Park, S. Shamsher, V.Q. Nguyen, T.H. Lee, Seismic vulnerability assessment of rectangular cut-and-cover subway tunnels, Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 86 (2019) 247-261.
- H. Shakib, V. Jahangiri, Intensity measures for the assessment of the seismic response of buried steel pipelines, Bull. Earthq. Eng. 14 (4) (2016) 1265-1284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9863-6
- C. Li, C. Zhai, S. Kunnath, D. Ji, Methodology for selection of the most damaging ground motions for nuclear power plant structures, Soil Dynam. Earthq. Eng. 116 (2019) 345-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.039
- D.D. Nguyen, B. Thusa, T.S. Han, T.H. Lee, Identifying significant earthquake intensity measures for evaluating seismic damage and fragility of nuclear power plant structures, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 52 (1) (2020) 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2019.06.013
- EPRI, Methodology for Developing Seismic Fragilities, Report TR-103959, Palo Alto, CA, USA, 1994.
- T.K. Mandal, S. Ghosh, N.N. Pujari, Seismic fragility analysis of a typical Indian PHWR containment: comparison of fragility models, Struct. Saf. 58 (2016) 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2015.08.003
- T.T. Tran, A.T. Cao, T.H.X. Nguyen D. Kim, Fragility assessment for electric cabinet in nuclear power plant using response surface methodology, Nucl. Eng. Technol. 51 (3) (2019) 894-903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.12.025
- I.K. Choi, Y.S. Choun, S.M. Ahn, J.M. Seo, Probabilistic seismic risk analysis of CANDU containment structure for near-fault earthquakes, Nucl. Eng. Des. 238 (6) (2008) 1382-1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.11.001
- Y.N. Huang, A.S. Whittaker, N. Luco, A probabilistic seismic risk assessment procedure for nuclear power plants: (II) Application, Nucl. Eng. Des. 241 (9) (2011) 3985-3995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.06.050
- J.W. Jung, H.W. Jang, J.H. Kim, J.W. Hong, Effect of second hardening on floor response spectrum of a base-isolated nuclear power plant, Nucl. Eng. Des. 322 (2017) 138-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.06.004
- X. Bao, M.H. Zhang, C.H. Zhai, Fragility analysis of a containment structure under far-fault and near-fault seismic sequences considering post-mainshock damage states, Eng. Struct. 198 (2019) 109511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109511
- D. Wang, C. Wu, Y. Zhang, Z. Ding, W. Chen, Elastic-plastic behavior of AP1000 nuclear island structure under mainshock-aftershock sequences, Ann. Nucl. Energy 123 (2019) 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2018.09.015
- C. Zhao, N. Yu, Y. Oz, J. Wang, Y.L. Mo, Seismic fragility analysis of nuclear power plant structure under far-field ground motions, Eng. Struct. 219 (2020) 110890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110890
- D.D. Nguyen, B. Thusa, H. Park, M.S. Azad, T.H. Lee, Efficiency of various structural modelling schemes on evaluating seismic performance and fragility of APR1400 containment building, Nucl. Eng. Technol. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2021.02.006. In press.
- C.A. Cornell, F. Jalayer, R.O. Hamburger, D.A. Foutch, Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines, J. Struct. Eng. 128 (4) (2002) 526-533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526)
- N. Luco, C.A. Cornell, Structure-specific scalar intensity measures for nearsource and ordinary earthquake ground motions, Earthq. Spectra 23 (2) (2007) 357-392. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2723158
- P. Giovenale, C.A. Cornell, L. Esteva, Comparing the adequacy of alternative ground motion intensity measures for the estimation of structural responses, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dynam. 33 (8) (2004) 951-979. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.386
- S.L. Kramer, Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall. Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA, 1996.
- SeismoSignal - a computer program for signal processing of strong-motion data, available from, http://www.seismosoft.com, 2017.
- R. Dobry, I.M. Idriss, E. Ng, Duration characteristics of horizontal components of strong-motion earthquake records, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 68 (5) (1978) 1487-1520.
- A. Arias, Measure of Earthquake Intensity, Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Univ. of Chile, Santiago de Chile, 1970.
- Y.J. Park, A.H.S. Ang, Y.K. Wen, Seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete buildings, J. Struct. Eng. 111 (4) (1985) 740-757. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(740)
- J.R. Benjamin, A Criterion for Determining Exceedance of the Operating Basis Earthquake, Report No. EPRI NP-5930, Electrical Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA, 1988.
- V. Thun, Earthquake ground motions for design and analysis of dams, in: Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics II-Recent Advances in Ground-Motion Evaluation, 1988.
- G.W. Housner, Spectrum intensities of strong-motion earthquakes, in: Symposium on Earthquake and Blast Effects on Structures, Los Angeles, California, USA, 1952.
- O.W. Nuttli, The Relation of Sustained Maximum Ground Acceleration and Velocity to Earthquake Intensity and Magnitude, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA, 1979.
- N. Shome, C.A. Cornell, P. Bazzurro, J.E. Carballo, Earthquakes, records, and nonlinear responses, Earthq. Spectra 14 (3) (1998) 469-500. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586011
- S.K. Sarma, K.S. Yang, An evaluation of strong motion records and a new parameter A95, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dynam. 15 (1) (1987) 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290150109
- PEER ground motion database. http://peer.berkeley.edu/peer_ground_motion_database, 2019.
- RG 1.60, Design Response Spectra for Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Plants, 1.60, Regulatory Guide, Rockville, Maryland, USA, 2014. Revision 2.
- Y. Lu, M. Panagiotou, I. Koutromanos, Three-dimensional beam-truss model for reinforced concrete walls and slabs-part 1: modeling approach, validation, and parametric study for individual reinforced concrete walls, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dynam. 45 (9) (2016) 1495-1513. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2719
- Y. Lu, M. Panagiotou, Three-dimensional beam-truss model for reinforced concrete walls and slabs-part 2: modeling approach and validation for slabs and coupled walls, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dynam. 45 (11) (2016) 1707-1724. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2720
- S. Mazzoni, F. McKenna, M.H. Scott, G.L. Fenves, OpenSees Command Language Manual, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research, PEER) Center, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2006.
- D.C. Kent, R. Park, Flexural members with confined concrete, J. Struct. Division 97 (7) (1971) 1969-1990. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0002957
- M. Menegotto, P.E. Pinto, Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending, in: IABSE Sym. Of Resist. and Ult. Deform. of Struct. Acted on by Well-Defined Repeat, Loads, Lisbon, Portugal, 1973.
- ANSYS, ANSYS Mechanical APDL Element Reference, 2019.
- KEPCO & KHNP, APR1400 Standard Design Certification Application Design Control Document, 2018. Revision 3, Tier 2 (Chapter 19).