"Sally's Choice": Elizabeth Stoddard's Unique Story of the Civil War

「샐리의 선택」: 엘리자베스 스토다드의 독특한 남북 전쟁 이야기

  • Received : 2021.03.13
  • Accepted : 2021.06.21
  • Published : 2021.06.30

Abstract

The Civil War is widely accepted as the single most meaningful event in American history that overcame the most fatal crisis of internal division of the nation with much success. That meaningfulness in turn glorifies the North's triumph over the South and justifies hierarchical differences between the two. Yet, as shown in the studies of Civil War literature, such glorification and justification relies too much on the North-centered historical paradigm. This essay aims to offer a way of rectifying it by examining a short story by one of the persistently obscured writers of the period: Elizabeth Stoddard. The essay follows the cue of Alice Fahs's cultural-studies methodology of using popular wartime periodicals as the main resource of the war literature, and reads Stoddard's "Sally's Choice" as one of the examples that expose the hegemonic bias inside the North-directed discourse of the time. This essay is expected to demonstrate the necessity of expanding and deepening our conception of 'literature,' 'the Civil War,' and 'Civil War literature' in an ever-flexible and ever-changeable manner.

Keywords

References

  1. Aaron, Daniel. The Unwritten War: American Writers and the Civil War. New York: Knopf, 1973.
  2. Alcott, Louisa May. Hospital Sketches. Boston: James Redpath, 1863.
  3. Boyd. Anne E. "'What! Has She Got into the "Atlantic"?': Women Writers, the Atlantic Monthly, and the Formation of the American Canon." American Studies 39.3 (1998): 5-36.
  4. Christensen, Wallance W., and A. Edwin Grafton. Characteristics, Objectives and Motivations of Woodland Owners in West Virginia. Morgantown: West Virginia Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station Bulletins, 1966.
  5. Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage: An Episode of the American Civil War. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1895.
  6. Entel, Rebecca. "Writing 'En Masse': Louisa May Alcott's Civil War Experience and the Commonwealth." American Periodicals 24.1 (2014): 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1353/amp.2014.0002
  7. Fahs, Alice. "The Feminized Civil War: Gender, Northern Popular Literature, and the Memory of the War, 1861-1900." The Journal of American History 85.4 (1999): 1461-94. https://doi.org/10.2307/2568268
  8. Fahs, Alice. The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861-1865. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 2001.
  9. Fahs, Alice. "The Market Value of Memory: Popular War Histories and the Northern Literary Marketplace, 1861-1868." Book History 1 (1998): 107-39. https://doi.org/10.1353/bh.1998.0004
  10. Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 3. New York: Vintage Books, 1986.
  11. Gallagher, Gary W. The Union War. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2011.
  12. Garrett, George. "Such Scenes I Never Dreamed of: Recent Books about the Civil War." Sewanee Review 108.2 (2000): 259-70.
  13. Garvey, Ellen Gruber. "Anonymity, Authorship, and Recirculation: A Civil War Episode." Book History 9 (2006): 159-78. https://doi.org/10.1353/bh.2006.0005
  14. Goldberg, Sylvan. "Elizabeth Stoddard's Geologic Form: Patience, Indifference, Crisis." ESQ: A Journal of Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture 66.3 (2020): 367-408. https://doi.org/10.1353/esq.2020.0012
  15. Harris, Jennifer. "A Renaissance for Elizabeth Stoddard." Canadian Review of American Studies 37.2 (2007): 283-92. https://doi.org/10.3138/cras.37.2.283
  16. Hart, Henry. "For the Confederate and Union Dead Reflections on Civil War Poetry." Sewanee Review 121.2 (2013): 205-24. https://doi.org/10.1353/sew.2013.0039
  17. Hutchison, Coleman. "Civil War Today, Civil War Tomorrow, Civil War Forever." American Literary History 30.2 (2018): 331-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajy001
  18. Lincoln, Abraham. "Final Emancipation Proclamation: By the President of the United States of America: A Proclamation." 1863. Nicolay and Hay 287-88.
  19. Lincoln, Abraham. "Proclamation Forbidding Intercourse with Rebel States: By the President of the United States of America: A Proclamation." 1861. Nicolay and Hay 75-76.
  20. Lundberg, David. "The American Literature of War: The Civil War, World War I, and World War II." American Quarterly 36.3 (1984): 373-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/2712739
  21. Matteson, John. "Finding Private Suhre: On the Trail of Louisa May Alcott's 'Prince of Patients.'" New England Quarterly 88.1 (2015): 104-25. https://doi.org/10.1162/TNEQ_a_00437
  22. Mendelsohn, Daniel. "Unsinkable: Why We Can't Let Go of the Titanic." The New Yorker 9 Apr. 2012. Web. 11 Mar. 2021.
  23. Mitchell, Margaret. Gone with the Wind. New York: Avon Books, 1936.
  24. Nicolay John G., and John Hay, eds. Abraham Lincoln: Complete Works, Comprising His Speeches, Letters, State Papers, and Miscellaneous Writings. New York: Century Co., 1894.
  25. Partridge, J. A. From Feudal to Federal, or, Free Church, Free School the Completed Bases of Equality; with Some of Its Results in State, Constitution, and Empire. London: Trubner & Co., 1872.
  26. Robertson, James I., Jr. "The Civil War Centennial-Archival Aspects." The American Archivist 26.1 (1963): 11-18. https://doi.org/10.17723/aarc.26.1.q41425587vt69224
  27. Rogers, William B., and Terese Martyn. "A Consensus at Last: American Civil War Texts and the Topics that Dominate the College Classroom." The History Teacher 41.4 (2008): 519-30.
  28. Spingarn, Lawrence P. "The Yankee in Early American Fiction." New England Quarterly 31.4 (1958): 484-95. https://doi.org/10.2307/362380
  29. Stoddard, Elizabeth. The Morgesons. 1862. Ed. Lawrence Buell and Sandra A. Zagarell. New York: Penguin, 1984.
  30. Stoddard, Elizabeth. "Sally's Choice." Harper's Weekly 30 May 1686: 342.
  31. Stoddard, Elizabeth. Temple House: A Novel. New York: G. W. Carleton & Co., 1867.
  32. Stoddard, Elizabeth. Two Men: A Novel. New York: Bunce and Huntington, 1865.
  33. United States. Cong. House. Committee on Veterans Affairs. Proposed Establishment of a National Cemetery Adjacent to Manassas Battlefield Park, Virginia. 91st Cong. 1st sess. H. Rept. 8818. Washington: GPO, 1969.
  34. Volume II: Cultural Resource Appendix. 1999. West Virginia Dept. of Transportation. Division of Highways. Charleston: Michael Baker, Jr., Inc.
  35. Wertheim, Stanley, ed. The Stephen Crane Encyclopedia. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997.
  36. Wilkens, Matthew. "The Geographic Imagination of Civil War-Era American Fiction." American Literary History 25.4 (2013): 803-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajt045
  37. Wilson, Edmund. Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War. New York: Norton, 1962.
  38. Zagarell, Sandra A. "Elizabeth Drew Barstow Stoddard." Legacy 8.1 (1991): 39-41.
  39. Zenari, Vivian. "Henry James's Civil War Stories: The Homefront Experience and War Romance." WLA: War, Literature & the Arts 27 (2015): 1-40.