Re-envisioning the Epic through the Second Person Voice in Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictée

  • Received : 2021.12.02
  • Accepted : 2021.12.27
  • Published : 2021.12.31

Abstract

Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictée proliferates with many pronouns. Whether the various subjects invoked in Dictée refer to a single common figure remains ambiguous. By paying close attention to the ambiguity of narrative voice, this essay examines how the creation of narrative ambiguity in Dictée is closely linked to the author's employment of the second person voice. This essay particularly attends to how Cha explores the narrative possibilities of the second person voice in the text's "Calliope/Epic Poetry" section in order to reflect upon experiences of exile and migration on a transnational scale. Through the intimacy and narrative ambiguity of the second person voice, Cha is able to create an epic on migration that is not only transnational in scope, but also invites the reader to engage with the self-alienating aspects of exilic and immigrant life in an unusually intimate yet powerful manner.

Keywords

References

  1. Bakhtin, Mikhail M. The Dialogic Imagination. U of Texas P, 1981.
  2. Bell, Alice, and Astrid Ensslin. "'I Know What It Was': Second-Person Narration in Hypertext Fiction." Narrative, vol. 19, no. 3, 2011, pp. 311-329. https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.2011.0020
  3. Cha, Theresa Hak Kyung. Dictee. Tanam Press, 1982.
  4. Cha, Theresa Hak Kyung. Exilee and Temps Morts: Selected Works. U of California P, 2009.
  5. Kacandes, Irene. "Are You in the Text?: The 'Literary Performative' in Postmodern Fiction." Text and Performance Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 2, 1993, pp. 139-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10462939309366039
  6. Kang, L. Hyun Yi. "The Liberatory Voice of Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictee." Kim and Alarcon, pp. 73-99.
  7. Kim, Elaine H., and Norma Alarcon, editors. Writing Self, Writing Nation. Third Woman Press, 1994.
  8. Kim, Sue J. "Narrator, Author, Reader: Equivocation in Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictee." Narrative, vol. 16, no. 2, 2008, pp. 163-77. https://doi.org/10.1353/nar.0.0002
  9. Lukacs, Georg. The Theory of the Novel. Translated by Anna Bostock, Merlin Press, 1971.
  10. Park, Josephine. Apparitions of Asia: Modernist Form and Asian American Poetics. Oxford UP, 2008.
  11. Phelan, James. "Self-Help for Narratee and Narrative Audience: How 'I'- and 'You'?-Read 'How.'" Style, vol. 28, no. 3, 1994, pp. 350-65.
  12. Richardson, Brian. Unnatural Voices: Extreme Narration in Modern and Contemporary Fiction. Ohio State UP, 2006.
  13. Wong, Shelley Sunn. "Unnaming the Same: Theresa Hak Kyung Cha's Dictee." Kim and Alarcon, pp. 103-40.
  14. Yu, Timothy. Race and the Avant-Garde: Experimental and Asian American Poetry since 1965. Stanford UP, 2009.