Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research (대한조현병학회지)

Korean Society for Schizophrenia Research (대한조현병학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Opinions on the Recovery of Outpatients with Schizophrenia and Their Wills to Recover

조현병 외래환자의 회복에 대한 견해와 회복 의지

  • Lee, Jae Min (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University) ;
  • Kim, Chul Kwon (Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University)
  • 이재민 (동아대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 김철권 (동아대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2020.08.28
  • Accepted : 2020.11.08
  • Published : 2021.04.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the opinions regarding recovery and assess their will to recover in outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: Total 98 stable outpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled. To investigate the outpatients' opinions regarding recovery, we asked the subjects to write down the ways they could think they had recovered from their current disease. We classified their answers and chose final 39 statements. Using this questionnaire, they were asked to what extent they agreed with each statement. Moreover, the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) was used to measure the subjects' will to recover. Results: Many of the 39 subjects who were surveyed about their opinions on recovery agreed on 11 statements about taking medicine, social life, daily life, social functioning, positivity about life (happiness, hope, confidence, and tranquility), symptoms, occupation, and self-control. The RAS score showed a significant correlation with age (r=-0.26, p<0.01), age at onset (r=0.26, p<0.01), duration of illness (r=-0.52, p<0.01), and number of hospitalization (r=-0.46, p<0.01). Conclusion: This study shows that positivity about life is an important part of the patients' subjective recovery criteria in schizophrenia. Therefore, if clinicians pay more attention to this part of subjective recovery, it would strengthen the patients' will for recovery.

Keywords

References

  1. Schrank B, Slade M. Recovery in psychiatry. Psychiatr Bull 2007;31:321-325. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.013425
  2. Slade M, Amering M, Oades L. Recovery: an international perspective. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc 2008;17:128-137. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1121189X00002827
  3. Macpherson R, Pesola F, Leamy M, Bird V, Le Boutillier C, Williams J, et al. The relationship between clinical and recovery dimensions of outcome in mental health. Schizophr Res 2016;175:142-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.031
  4. Yi JS, Ahn YM, Shin HK, An SK, Joo YH, Kim SH, et al. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the positive and negative syndrome scale. J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc 2001;40:1090-1105.
  5. Overall JE, Gorham DR. The brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS): recent developments in ascertainment and scaling. Psychopharmacol Bull 1988;24:97-99.
  6. Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT Jr, Kane JM, Lasser RA, Marder SR, Weinberger DR. Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:441-449. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.441
  7. Liberman RP, Kopelowicz A, Ventura J, Gutkind D. Operational criteria and factors related to recovery from schizophrenia. Int Rev Psychiatry 2002;14:256-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954026021000016905
  8. Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;33:766-771. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012
  9. Torgalsboen A. What is recovery in schizophrenia? In: Provencher HL, Keyes CLM, eds. Severe mental illness, research evidence and implications for practice. Boston: Boston University;2013. p.302-315.
  10. Mead S, Copeland ME. What recovery means to us: consumers' perspectives. Community Ment Health J 2000;36:315-328. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1001917516869
  11. Deegan PE. Recovery as a self-directed process of healing and transformation. Occup Ther Ment Health 2002;17:5-21. https://doi.org/10.1300/J004v17n03_02
  12. Anthony WA. Recovery from mental illness: the guiding vision of the mental health system in the 1990's. Psychiatr Rehabil J 1993:16:11-23,
  13. Lysaker PH, Roe D, Buck KD. Recovery and wellness amidst schizophrenia: definitions, evidence, and the implications for clinical practice. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2010;16:36-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390309353943
  14. Andresen R, Oades L, Caputi P. The experience of recovery from schizophrenia: towards an empirically validated stage model. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2003;37:586-594. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01234.x
  15. Leamy M, Bird V, Le Boutillier C, Williams J, Slade M. Conceptual framework for personal recovery in mental health: systematic review and narrative synthesis. Br J Psychiatry 2011;199:445-452. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.083733
  16. Kim JG, Ahn JY, Kim CK. Factors Affecting the empowerment experienced by outpatients with schizophrenia. Korean J Schizophr Res 2018;21:59-66. https://doi.org/10.16946/kjsr.2018.21.2.59
  17. Law H, Morrison AP. Recovery in psychosis: a Delphi study with experts by experience. Schizophr Bull 2014;40:1347-1355. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu047
  18. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). 5th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association;2013.
  19. Corrigan PW, Salzer M, Ralph RO, Sangster Y, Keck L. Examining the factor structure of the recovery assessment scale. Schizophr Bull 2004;30:1035-1041. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007118
  20. Lim KM, Shin ES, Shim SH, Jeong YJ. Reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the Recovery Assessment Scale(RAS) for psychiatric patients. J Korea Content Assoc 2014;14:628-638.
  21. Overall JE, Klett CJ. Applied multivariate analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill;1972.
  22. Clemmensen L, Vernal DL, Steinhausen HC. A systematic review of the long-term outcome of early onset schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2012;12:150. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-150
  23. Van Eck RM, Burger TJ, Vellinga A, Schirmbeck F, de Haan L. The relationship between clinical and personal recovery in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2018;44:631-642. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx088