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단열패널 종류별 이격거리에 따른 화재감식 평가

Evaluation of Fire Investigation as the Separation Distances for Several Types of Insulation Panels

  • 김정훈 (호서대학교 안전보건학과) ;
  • 김다슬 (호서대학교 대학원 안전환경기술융합학과)
  • Kim, Jeong-Hun (Department of Safety and Health Engineering, Hoseo University) ;
  • Kim, Da-Seul (Department of Safety and Environmental Technology Convergence, Graduate School of Hoseo University)
  • 투고 : 2021.01.22
  • 심사 : 2021.04.02
  • 발행 : 2021.04.30

초록

단열패널(표면재, 심재, 마감재로 구성되어 있으며 경량성, 저가성 및 시공성 등의 장점)의 화재난연성과 적용건축물 강화에도 불구하고, 화재발생 건수와 피해 영향은 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 단열패널 종류별이격거리에 따른 열영향(온도변화, 점화가능성, 내·외부 연소흔, 심재의 형상 변화)을 평가하고자 국내에서 사용빈도가 높은 EPS 패널, 글라스울 패널, 석고보드 패널의 3종을 선택하였다. 패널에는 지면으로부터 수직(30 cm, 90 cm, 150 cm)으로 온도센서를 설치하였고, 적층한 각목을 화원으로 패널로부터 각각 0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm 이격거리를 변화시키면서 점화시켰다. 실험 결과, 최고온도는 EPS 패널에서 349 ℃를 나타내었고, 패널의 내·외부 형상변화는 이격거리 25 cm를 임계점으로 하부에서 중부까지 높이로 국한되었다. 또한 연소흔은 평균 500 s 이후에서 나타났고, 화재강도가 큰 EPS 패널에서는 광폭의 U자형 패턴, 글라스울과 석고보드 패널에서는 중폭 또는 협폭의 V자형 패널을 형성하였다. 도출된 정보를 통해 단열 패널로 구성된 건축물로부터 화재위험성 평가와 화재감식의 검증에 필요한 유용한 정보를 제공하고자 한다.

Despite strengthening requirements for fire retardancy and applied buildings of insulation panels, the number of fires and influence of damage have increased. In this study, the thermal effects were evaluated as the separation distances, and three types of EPS panel, glass wool panel, and gypsum board panel were then selected. Temperature sensors on the panels were installed vertically from the ground. The fire source on the lamination layer of lumber was ignited by changes in the separation distances (0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm) from the panels. The test results suggested that the maximum temperature was 349 ℃ in the EPS panel. The inside/outside shape changes were limited by the height of the low and middle positions until the critical point of a 25 cm separation distance. Furthermore, the combustion marks appeared after 500 s on average, and then the EPS panel with a high fire strength showed a broad "U type" pattern, glass wool panel, and gypsum board panel showed medium or narrow "V type" pattern. Therefore, the acquired data can provide valuable information for evaluating the fire risks and verifying fire investigation from buildings composed of these insulation panels.

키워드

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