DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of required seismic gap between adjacent buildings in relation to the Egyptian Code

  • Hussein, Manar M. (Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University) ;
  • Mostafa, Ahmed A. (Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University) ;
  • Attia, Walid A. (Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University)
  • 투고 : 2020.06.03
  • 심사 : 2021.03.31
  • 발행 : 2021.04.25

초록

International seismic codes stipulate that adjacent buildings should be separated by a specified minimum distance, otherwise the pounding effect should be considered in the design. Recent researches proposed an alternative method (Double Difference Combination Rule) to estimate seismic gap between structures, as this method considers the cross relation of adjacent buildings behavior during earthquakes. Four different criteria were used to calculate the minimum separation distance using this method and results are compared to the international codes for five separation cases. These cases used four case study buildings classified by different heights, lateral load resisting systems and fundamental periods of vibrations to assess the consistency in results for the alternative methods. Non-linear analysis was performed to calculate the inelastic displacements of the four buildings, and the results were used to evaluate the relation between elastic and inelastic displacements due to the ductility of structural elements resisting seismic loads. A verification analysis was conducted to guarantee that the separation distance calculated is sufficient to avoid pounding. Results shows that the use of two out of the four studied methods yields separation distances smaller than that calculated by the code specified equations without under-estimating the minimum separation distance required to avoid pounding.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ASCE/SEI 7-10 (2013), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers.
  2. Cole, G.L., Dhakal, R.P., Carr, A.J. and Bull, D.K. (2010), "Building pounding state of the art: Identifying structures vulnerable to pounding damage", University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering.
  3. CSI (2012), Analysis Reference Manual: For Sap2000, Etabs, Safe And CSIbridgeTM.
  4. ECP-201 (2012), Egyptian Code of Practice for Calculation of Loads and Forces in Structures and Buildings.
  5. ECP 203-2007 (2007), Egyptian Code for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures.
  6. Elnashai, A.S. and Madas, P. (1993). "Discussion of "Strength and ductility of confined concrete" by M. Saatcioglu and S.R. Razvi (June, 1992, Vol. 118, No. 6)", J. Struct. Eng., 119(10), 3106-3109. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1993)119:10(3106).
  7. ETABS (2015), Watch and Learn Series. https://www.csiamerica.com/products/etabs/watch-and-learn.
  8. Favvata, M.J. (2017), "Minimum required separation gap for adjacent RC frames with potential inter-story seismic pounding", Eng. Struct., 152, 643-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.09.025.
  9. Filiatrault, A. and Cervantes, M. (1995), "Separation between buildings to avoid pounding during earthquakes", Can. J. Civil Eng., 22(1), 164-179. https://doi.org/10.1139/l95-015.
  10. Hall, J.F. (2006), "Problems encountered from the use (or misuse) of Rayleigh damping", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 35(5), 525-545. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.541.
  11. International Code Council (1997), Uniform Building Code, Vol. 2, Structural Engineering Design Provisions, International Code Council, 9781884590894, International Conference of Building Officials; 1st Edition.
  12. Jeng, V., Kasai, K. and Jagiasi, A. (1992). "The separation to avoid seismic pounding", Earthq. Eng.
  13. Jia, H.Y., Lan, X.L., Zheng, S.X., Li, L.P. and Liu, C.Q. (2019), "Assessment on required separation length between adjacent bridge segments to avoid pounding", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 120(3), 398-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.01.031.
  14. Karayannis, C.G. and Favvata, M.J. (2005), "Inter-story pounding between multistory reinforced concrete structures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 20(5), 505-526. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2005.20.5.505.
  15. Kasai, K., Jagiasi, A.R. and Jeng, V. (1996), "Inelastic vibration phase theory for seismic pounding mitigation", J. Struct. Eng., 122(10), 1136-1146. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1996)122:10(1136).
  16. Lopez-Garcia, D. and Soong, T.T. (2009), "Evaluation of current criteria in predicting the separation necessary to prevent seismic pounding between nonlinear hysteretic structural systems", Eng. Struct., 31(5), 1217-1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.01.016.
  17. Lopez-Garcia, D. (2004), "Separation between adjacent nonlinear structures for prevention of seismic pounding", 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada.
  18. Mahmoud, S. (2020), "Mitigation of seismic collision between adjacent structures using roof water tanks", Earthq. Struct., 18(2), 171-184. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.18.2.171.
  19. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N. and Park, R. (1988), "Theoretical stress‐strain model for confined concrete", J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804-1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804).
  20. Martinez-Rueda, J.E. and Elnashai, A.S. (1997), "Confined concrete model under cyclic load", Mater. Struct./Materiaux et Constr., 30(197), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02486385.
  21. Menengotto, M. (1973), "Method of analysis for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete plane frames including changes in geometry and nonelastic behavior of elements under combined normal force and bending", IABSE Symposium on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well-Defined Repeated Loads, Lisbon.
  22. Naeej, M., Amiri, J. and Jalali, S. (2018), "Probabilistic evaluation of separation distance between two adjacent structures", Struct. Eng. Mech., 67(5), 427-437, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.67.5.427.
  23. Naserkhaki, S., Aziz, F.N.A.A. and Pourmohammad, H. (2012), "Parametric study on earthquake induced pounding between adjacent buildings", Struct. Eng. Mech., 43(4), 503-526. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2012.43.4.503.
  24. Naserkhaki, S., El-Rich, M., Aziz, F.N.A.A. and Pourmohammad, H. (2014), "Pounding between adjacent buildings of varying height coupled through soil", Struct. Eng. Mech., 52(3),. 573-593. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.52.3.573.
  25. Penzien, J. (1997), "Evaluation of building separation distance required to prevent pounding during strong earthquakes", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 26(8), 849-858. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199708)26:8<849::AID-EQE680>3.0.CO;2-M.
  26. Priestley, M.J.N. and Grant, D.N. (2005), "Viscous damping in seismic design and analysis", J. Earthq. Eng., 9(2), 229-255. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246905002365.
  27. Raheem, S.E.A., Fooly, M.Y.M., Abdel Shafy, A.G.A., Abbas, Y.A., Omar, M., Abdel Latif, M.M.S. and Mahmoud, S. (2018), "Seismic pounding effects on adjacent buildings in series with different alignment configurations", Steel Compos. Struct., 28(3), 289-308. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.3.289.
  28. Rajaram, C. and Kumar, R.P. (2014), "Three dimensional analysis of pounding between adjacent buildings", J. Struct. Eng., 41(2), 158-168. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279183771.
  29. Ravindranatha, Honnyal, T.M. and Suresh, H. (2014), "A study of seismic pounding between adjascent buidlings", Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., 3(3), 795-799. https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0303141.
  30. SeismoStruct Support (2020), Seismosoft. https://seismosoft.com/support/seismostruct-support.
  31. Skrekas, P., Sextos, A. and Giaralis, A. (2014), "Influence of bidirectional seismic pounding on the inelastic demand distribution of three adjacent multi-storey R/C buildings", Earthq. Struct., 6(1), 71-87. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.1.071.
  32. Yassin, M. (1994), "Nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete structures under monotonic and cyclic loads", University of California of Berkeley, Ann Arbor, Mich., UMI.