DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fit comparison of Domestic N95 Medical Masks in a Fit test

Fit Test를 이용한 국내산 N95 마스크의 교육 후 밀착도 비교

  • Seo, Hyekyung (College of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University) ;
  • Kwon, Young-il (College of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Shinhan University) ;
  • Myong, Jun-Pyo (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Kang, Byoung-kab (Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine)
  • 서혜경 (신한대학교 바이오생태보건대학) ;
  • 권영일 (신한대학교 바이오생태보건대학) ;
  • 명준표 (가톨릭대학교 서울성모병원) ;
  • 강병갑 (한국한의학연구원)
  • Received : 2021.01.18
  • Accepted : 2021.03.02
  • Published : 2021.03.31

Abstract

Objectives: A number of medical institutions have been conducting fit tests to perform seal checks on masks. This study aimed to compare the differences fit factor before and after domestic N95 mask-wearing training through a fit-test. Methods: A survey of 59 healthcare workers was conducted regarding whether they had undergone a fit test or received training on mask-wearing. Further, the fit of two types of domestic N95 masks was measured before and after the training using a QNFT(Quantitative Fit test). The average fit factors before and after training were compared using a paired t-test. Additionally the differences in the fit test pass rate were analyzed using a McNemar test. Results: A statistically significant difference was seen between the fit factors in the fit tests conducted before and after the training (p=0.0015), as well as in the fit of the two types of masks tested (p<0.01). Thus, an improvement in mask fitting was seen after the training, even with differently fitted masks. Conclusions: Upon using a QNFT, a significant increase in the fit factors for N95 masks was observed after training compared with masks that were fitted as usual. This highlights the importance of training in mask-wearing, with the conclusion that training healthcare providers will improve the fit of masks.

Keywords

References

  1. Becker IP, Morawetz J. Impacts of health and safety education: Comparison of worker activities before and after training. Am J Ind Med 2004;46(1):63-70 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20034
  2. Bradford S, Agostini G, Mitchell JC. A scoping review of surgical masks and N95 filtering facepiece respirators: Learning from the past to guide the furture of dentisty. Safety Sci 2020;131:104920;1-9
  3. Canadian Standards Association(CSA). Standard Z94.4-02. Selection, use, and care of respirators. Toronto, Canada: CSA Group. 2011
  4. Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (Canada OHSR) SOR/86-304. Canadian Minister of Justice. Last amended on October 31. 2014
  5. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. NIOSH Research II Study: Understanding and selec- ting respiratory protection devices (2011-2012) 2011. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/hospresptoolkit/fittesting.html
  6. Charney W. Handbook of modern hospital safety. 2nd ed. New York: CRC Press: 2011 p.18-1
  7. Cheung I, Low C, Nou S. N95, eastomerics, fit-testing and COVID-19: respiratory protection for frontline healthcare workers in Australia. Mag of the Australian Soc of Anaesthetists 2020;8:1-32
  8. Han DH, Kim HW, Jang YJ, Myong JP, Yang HS et al. A study on the actual results and draftings regulations of fit testing(I) OSHRI. 2017. 2017-969 Available from: http://oshri.kosha.or.kr
  9. Kang JO. Occupational infections of health care personnel in Korea. Hanyang Medical Rew 2011; 31(3):200-210 https://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2011.31.3.200
  10. Kang SK. COVID-19 and MERS Infections in Healthcare Workers in Korea. SH@W.2020;11(-):125-126
  11. Kim EA. Occupatinal diseases of Health Care Workers. Hanyang Medical Rew 2010;30(4):265-273 https://doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2010.30.4.265
  12. Kim HW, Baek JE, Seo HK, Lee JE, Myong JP, Lee SJ, Lee JH. Assessing real-time performances of N95 respirators for health care workers by simulated workplace protection factors. Ind Health 2015;(53): 553-561
  13. Kim HW. Is a respiratory mask for HCWs effective against covid-19? i-Health with KIHA 2020; 386(6):6-10 Available from:http://e-books.kr/e-book/ecatalog5.php?Dir=33&catimage=&callmode=admin
  14. Kim HJ. The effect of the training for improvement of protection performance with N95 or higher filter mask for Healthcare providers in emergency medical centre. Hanyang Unver. 2018;1-31
  15. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency(KDCA). Correct methods of wearing a mask. 2020. Available from: http://www.cdc.go.kr/gallery.es?mid=a20503020000&bid=0003&act=vie- w&list_no=144655
  16. Lawrence R. Duling M. Calvert C. Coffey C. Comparison of performance of three different types of respiratory protection devices. J Occup Environ Hyg 2006;3(9): 465-474 doi:10.10 80/15459620600829211 https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620600829211
  17. Lee KY, Yang WH. Quantitative Fit Test of NIOSH-certified N95 Respirators. J Korean Soc Occup Hyg 2002;12(30):1-5
  18. Lee AR(2016). An evaluation od SWPF based on working movement of workers wearing partic- ulate filtering facepice respirators. Yonsei Unversity, Seoul, master's thesis
  19. Lee C, Choi YJ, Park HS. A study on facilitating factors and barrier factors influencing on training transfer: by success case method, training transfer, success case method. Korean J human Re Develop Quar 2013;15(3):55-84 Available from: https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/land-ing/article.kci?arti_id=ART001795469
  20. Lee S, Kim H, Lim T, Oh J, Kang H, Ahn C. Simulated workplace protection factors for respira- tors with N95 or higher filters for healthcare providers in an emergency medical center: A randomized crossover study. Hong Kong J Emerg Me 2017;24:282-9 https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907917735088
  21. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Guidline on mask-requirements and test methods for surgical respirators. 2020;1-56
  22. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Infection prevention and management in medical institutions: COVID-19. 2020;1-24. http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/upload/ncov/file/202005/1588296089693_20200501102129.pdf
  23. Myong JP, Byun JS, Cho YM, Seo HK, Baek JE, et al. The education and practice program for medical students with quantitative and qualitative fit test for respiratory protective equipment Industrial Health 2016;54:177-182 doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2015-0072
  24. Mukerji S, Maclntyre CR, Seale H, Wang Q, Yang P, Wang X, Newall AT. Cost-effectiveness analysis of N95 Respirators and medical masks to protect healthcare workers in China from respiratory infections. BMC Infec Dise 2017;17(464):2-11 doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2564-9
  25. National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation. Guideline for certification of medical respirator. 2020. Available from: http://www.nifds.go.kr/brd/m_15/view.do?seq=12906
  26. Oberg T, Brosseau LM. Surgical mask filter and fit performance. AJIC 2008;36(4):276-282 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.008
  27. Or P, Chung J, Wong T. Does training in performing a fit check enhance N95 respirator efficacy. Workplace Health Saf. 2012;60(12):511-515 https://doi.org/10.1177/216507991206001202
  28. Park HJ, Jung JS, Choi SH, Woo JH. Qualitative fit testing of high-efficiency particulate respira- tors for healthcare personnel. Korean J Nosocomial Infec Control 2009;14(2):79-87
  29. Safety+Health nsc publication. OSHA allowing all employers to suspend annual respirator fit testing. 2020. Available from: https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/19685-osha-allowing-all-employers-to-suspend-annual-respirator-fit-testing
  30. Seo HK, Kang BK, Kwon YI. Fit testing for Domestic N95 Medical Masks. J Korean Soc Occup Environ Hyg 2020;30(2):124-133 https://doi.org/10.15269/JKSOEH.2020.30.2.124
  31. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH). 2015 Hospital respiratory protection program toolkit. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2015-117/pdfs/2015-117.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2015117
  32. U.S DoL. Occupational Health and Safety Act(OSHAct). 29CFR 1910.134. Respiratory protection. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.134
  33. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. N95 respirators, surgical masks, and face masks. 2020 Available from: https://www.fda.gov/medicaldevic-es/personal-protective-equipment-infection-control/n95-respirators-surgical-masks-and-face-masks
  34. Wilkinson IJ, Pisaniello D, Ahmad J, Edward S. Evaluation of a large-scale quantitative respirator-fit testing program for healthcare workers : survey results. Infect Contr and Hosp Epid 2010;31(9):918-925 https://doi.org/10.1086/655460