말소리와 음성과학 (Phonetics and Speech Sciences)

  • 제13권1호
  • /
  • Pages.25-36
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2005-8063(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2586-5854(eISSN)
한국음성학회 (Korean Society of Speech Sciences)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Perception and production of English fricatives by Chinese learners of English: Error patterns and perception-production relationship

  • Zhang, Buyi (Department of English Language and Literature, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Zhang, Jiaqi (Department of English Language and Literature, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Lee, Sook-hyang (Department of English Language and Literature, Wonkwang University)
  • 투고 : 2021.02.01
  • 심사 : 2021.03.18
  • 발행 : 2021.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study examined the perception and production of eight English fricatives /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, and /ʒ/ by thirty Chinese English majors and thirty Chinese middle school students through a fricative identification test, an intelligibility test, and a goodness rating test and focused on error patterns and the perception-production relationship. The results showed that substitution errors occurred frequently in the perception and production of English fricatives by both the English majors and the middle school students. Further, the error patterns were attributed to various influencing factors such as the negative transfer from Chinese consonant inventory, hypercorrection or overcompensation mistakes, deficiency of L2 teaching, and acoustic similarities. Significant overall correlations were found between the fricative perception and production by the two subject groups but were not manifested in all the eight fricatives, indicating that Chinese learners' perceptual competence of target fricatives was not necessarily tied to their productive excellence of those sounds in all cases. Furthermore, precedences of perception over production were incompletely manifested in the eight fricatives, which suggested that perception might not always be a necessary prerequisite for production. Additionally, subject group and vowel context differences were observed. The English majors performed better than the middle school students, both perceptually and productively, and the subjects' performances in perception and production varied when vowel contexts changed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aoyama, K., Flege, J. E., Guion, S. G., Akahane-Yamada, R., & Yamada, T. (2004). Perceived phonetic dissimilarity and L2 speech learning: The case of Japanese /r/ and English /l/ and /r/. Journal of Phonetics, 32(2), 233-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-4470(03)00036-6
  2. Best, C. T. (1995). A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In Strange W. (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research (pp. 171-206). Baltimore, MD: York Press.
  3. Bettoni-Techio, M., Rauber, A. S., & Koerich, R. D. (2007, August). Perception and production of word-final alveolar stops by Brazilian Portuguese learners of English. Proceeding of Interspeech 8 (pp. 2293-2296). Antwerp, Belgium.
  4. Bohn, O. S., & Flege, J. E. (1990). Interlingual identification and the role of foreign language experience in L2 vowel perception. Applied Psycholinguistics, 11(3), 303-328. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400008912
  5. Bohn, O. S., & Flege, J. E. (1992). The production of new and similar vowels by adult German learners of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14(2), 131-158. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100010792
  6. Chen, X. (2012). A linear regression analysis on TEM4. Journal of Civil Aviation Flight University of China, 6, 020.
  7. Chen, X. X. (2011). Nanfang hanyu youer yiyaxueyu yu zaoqi yuyanfazhan genzongxing gean yanjiu [Babbling vocalizations and early speech of southern Mandarin: A longitudinal case study] (Doctoral dissertation). Hunan University, Hunan, China.
  8. Chen, H., & Bi, R. (2008). Yingyu zhuanye xuesheng langdu renwu zhong yuyin nengli de fazhan yanjiu moshi [English majors' pronunciation and intonation in read speech: A longitudinal study]. Jiefangjun Waiguoyu Xueyuan Xuebao, 31(4), 43-49.
  9. Cheng, C. M. (2006). Yingyu xuexizhe kouyu zhong de yinduan cuowu fenxi [Analysis of segmental errors in English learners' oral English]. Guangxi Jiaoyu Xueyuan Xuebao, 1, 111-112.
  10. Cheng, C. M., & He, A. P. (2008). Gaoji yingyu xuexizhe kouyu yinduan cuowu fenxi - Yixiang jiyu yuliaoku de yanjiu [An analysis of oral segmental errors of advanced English learners -A corpus-based study]. Jiefangjun Waiguoyu Xueyuan Xuebao, 31(1), 38-42.
  11. Duanmu, S. (2007). The phonology of standard Chinese (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  12. Edwards, H. (2003). Applied phonetics: The sounds of American English. New York: Thomson.
  13. Flege, J. E. (1987). The instrumental study of L2 speech production: Some methodological considerations. Language Learning, 37(2), 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1987.tb00569.x
  14. Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In Strange W. (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research (pp. 233-277). Baltimore, MD: York Press.
  15. Flege, J. E., Bohn, O. S., & Jang, S. (1997). Effects of experience on non-native speakers' production and perception of English vowels. Journal of Phonetics, 25(4), 437-470. https://doi.org/10.1006/jpho.1997.0052
  16. Flege, J. E. (1999, August). The relation between L2 production and perception. In J. Ohala, Y. Hasegawa, M. Ohala, D. Granveille & A. Bailey (Eds.), Proceedings of the XIVth International Congress of Phonetics Sciences (pp. 1273-1276). San Francisco, CA.
  17. Flege, J. E., MacKay, I. R., & Meador, D. (1999). Native Italian speakers' perception and production of English vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106(5), 2973-2987. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.428116
  18. Jia, G., Strange, W., Wu, Y., Collado, J., & Guan, Q. (2006). Perception and production of English vowels by Mandarin speakers: Age-related differences vary with amount of L2 exposure. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 119(2), 1118-1130. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2151806
  19. Jin, Y., & Fan, J. (2011). Test for English majors (TEM) in China. Language Testing, 28(4), 589-596. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265532211414852
  20. Jongman, A., Wayland, R., & Wong, S. (2000). Acoustic characteristics of English fricatives. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 108(3), 1252-1263. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1288413
  21. Kluge, D. C., Rauber, Aan learners of English. Proceeding of Interspeech 8 (pp. 2297-2300). Antwerp, Belgium.
  22. Ladefoged, P., & Johnson, K. (2014). A course in phonetics. Toronto, ON: Nelson Education.
  23. Ladefoged, P., & Maddieson, I. (1996). The sounds of the world's languages (Vol. 1012). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  24. Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across cultures. Applied linguistics for language teachers. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
  25. Lee, W. S., & Zee, E. (2003). Standard Chinese (Beijing). Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33(1), 109-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025100303001208
  26. Lee, S., Joh, J., Lim, I., & Ko, H. (2011). The production of English sounds by early learners with different English learning experience. Korean Journal of Linguistics, 36(1), 215-241. https://doi.org/10.18855/lisoko.2011.36.1.010
  27. Li, T. (2012). The research on the acquisition of English fricatives by Chinese EFL learners in middle school (MA thesis). Liaoning Normal University, Liaoning, China.
  28. Lin, Y. H. (2007). The sounds of Chinese (vol. 1). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  29. Lin, T., & Wang, L. J. (1992). Yuyinxue jiaocheng [Phonetics: A course book]. Beijing, China: Beijingdaxue Chubanshe.
  30. Llisterri, J. (1995, August). Relationships between speech production and speech perception in a second language. Proceedings of the 13th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Vol. 4, pp. 92-99). Stockholm, Sweden.
  31. Major, R. C. (2001). Foreign accent: The ontogeny and phylogeny of second language phonology (1st ed.). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
  32. Mi, J. (2014). Perception of English consonants in different prosodic positions by Korean learners of English. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 6(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2014.6.1.011
  33. Moeller, & Pat, M. (2007). Current state of knowledge: psychosocial development in children with hearing impairment. Ear and Hearing, 28(6), 729-739. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0b013e318157f033
  34. Niu, L. L. (2017). Yingyu zhuanye xuesheng yingyu mocayin fayin xianzhuang diaocha yanjiu [A survey on English fricative pronunciation of English majors]. Kaoshi zhoukan, 47, 103.
  35. Owolabi, D. (2012). Production and perception problems of English dental fricatives by Yoruba speakers of English as a second language. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(6), 1108-1113. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.6.1108-1113
  36. Peperkamp, S., & Bouchon, C. (2011, August). The relation between perception and production in L2 phonological processing. Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech 2011) (pp. 161-164). Florence, Italy.
  37. Pike, K. L. (1943). Phonetics: A critical analysis of phonetic theory and a technique for the practical description of sounds. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
  38. Rau, D. V., Chang, H. H. A., & Tarone, E. E. (2009). Think or sink: Chinese learners' acquisition of the English voiceless interdental fricative. Language Learning, 59(3), 581-621. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00518.x
  39. Rochet, B. L. (1995). Perception and production of second-language speech sounds by adults. In Strange W. (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research (pp. 379-410). Baltimore, MD: York Press.
  40. Sheldon, A., & Strange, W. (1982). The acquisition of /r/ and /l/ by Japanese learners of English: Evidence that speech production can precede speech perception. Applied Psycholinguistics, 3(3), 243-261. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716400001417
  41. Sui, Z. H., & Li C. B. (1998). Yingyu yuyin jiaoxue zhong de wuqu fenxi [Analysis of errors in teaching English pronunciation]. Zaozhuang Xueyuan Xuebao 2, 78-80.
  42. Sung, E. Y. (2006). L2 sound perception and production by Korean adults and children. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology, 12(3), 577-596.
  43. Tian, X. H. (2015). Yingyu zhuanye siji kaoshi de xindu yu xiaodu yanjiu [A Study on the Reliability and Validity of TEM 4]. Linqu Jiaoxue 1, 42-43.
  44. Tsukada, K., Birdsong, D., Bialystok, E., Mack, M., Sung, H., & Flege, J. (2005). A developmental study of English vowel production and perception by native Korean adults and children. Journal of Phonetics, 33(3), 263-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2004.10.002
  45. Wang, Y., Behne, D. M., & Jiang, H. (2008). Linguistic experience and audio-visual perception of non-native fricatives. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124(3), 1716-1726. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2956483
  46. Wu, J. X. (2008). Hanying cayin duibi fenxi [Comparison between Chinese and English Fricatives]. Mudanjiang Shifan Xueyuan xuebao, 5, 69-70.
  47. Xiao, J. (2013). Yingyu mocayin fayin changjian wenti yu duice [Common problems in the pronunciation of English fricatives and the countermeasures]. Kejiao Wenhui, (10), 128-129.
  48. Zhang, Y., & Lee, S. (2018). Acoustic characteristics and the perception of English voiceless fricatives: A preliminary study on Chinese EFL learners. The Journal of Mirae English Language and Literature, 23(3), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.46449/MJELL.2018.08.23.3.347
  49. Zhang, Y., & Xiao, J. (2011). A study of Chinese EFL learners' acquisition of English fricatives. 16th Conference of the Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics (pp. 142-148). Hong Kong, China.
  50. Zhang, Y., & Xiao, J. (2012). Yinghan mocayin bijiao yu yingyu mocayin xide yanjiu [A study on the comparison between English and Chinese fricatives and the acquisition of English fricatives]. The Tenth National Symposium of the China Association for Comparative Studies of English and Chinese and the 2012 International Symposium on Comparative Studies of English and Chinese and Translation Studies (pp.185-197). Wuhan, China.
  51. Zhang, Y., & Xiao, J. (2014). An analysis of Chinese students' perception and production of paired English fricatives: From an ELF perspective. Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 171-192.