International Journal of Oral Biology

The Korean Academy of Oral Biology (대한구강생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A comparative study of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the oral biofilms of a group of dental and non-dental undergraduates from Sri Lanka

  • Mallikaarachchi, MADKS (Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya) ;
  • Rajapakse, Sanath (Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya) ;
  • Gunawardhana, KSND (Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya) ;
  • Jayatilake, JAMS (Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya)
  • Received : 2020.06.19
  • Accepted : 2021.03.19
  • Published : 2021.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Dental health care workers (DHCW) are at a risk of occupational exposure to Helicobacter pylori from the aerosolized oral biofilms and saliva of patients. We designed this study to investigate the prevalence of H. pylori in the oral biofilms of a group of dental and non-dental undergraduates from Sri Lanka. After obtaining informed consent, oral biofilms were collected from 38 dental undergraduates (19 males and 19 females) undergoing clinical training and 33 non-dental undergraduates (14 males and 19 females). The participants were in the age range of 22-27 years and had healthy periodontium. Total DNA from the oral biofilms were extracted, and H. pylori DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rRNA gene of H. pylori using JW22-JW23 primers, and the results were confirmed using PCR amplification of H. pylori-urease specific HPU1-HPU2 primers. Out of 71 participants, 11 (28.95%) dental and 3 (9.09%) non-dental undergraduates had H. pylori in their oral biofilms indicating an overall prevalence rate of 19.72% (14/71). Thus, the prevalence of H. pylori in oral biofilms was significantly higher in dental undergraduates than in non-dental undergraduates (p < 0.05). An odds ratio of 4.07 indicated that dental undergraduates were four times more likely to harbor H. pylori in their oral biofilms than non-dental undergraduates. Foregoing data support the fact that there may be greater occupational risk of exposure to H. pylori for dental undergraduates during clinical training than that for non-dental undergraduates, warranting meticulous infection control practices during clinical dentistry.

Keywords

References

  1. Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP, Chang Y, Vogelman JH, Orentreich N, Sibley RK. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1127-31. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199110173251603.
  2. Stolte M, Bayerdorffer E, Morgner A, Alpen B, Wundisch T, Thiede C, Neubauer A. Helicobacter and gastric MALT lymphoma. Gut 2002;50(Suppl 3):III19-24. doi: 10.1136/gut.50.suppl_3.iii19.
  3. Ahn HJ, Lee DS. Helicobacter pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015;7:455-65. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i12.455.
  4. Mitchell HM. The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. In: Westblom TU, Czinn SJ, Nedrud JG, editors. Gastroduodenal disease and Helicobacter pylori: pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg; 1999. p. 11-30.
  5. Moayyedi P, Axon AT, Feltbower R, Duffett S, Crocombe W, Braunholtz D, Richards ID, Dowell AC, Forman D; Leeds HELP Study Group. Relation of adult lifestyle and socioeconomic factors to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:624-31. doi: 10.1093/ije/31.3.624.
  6. Riggio MP, Lennon A. Identification by PCR of Helicobacter pylori in subgingival plaque of adult periodontitis patients. J Med Microbiol 1999;48:317-22. doi: 10.1099/00222615-48-3-317.
  7. Al Asqah M, Al Hamoudi N, Anil S, Al Jebreen A, Al-Hamoudi WK. Is the presence of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis a risk factor for gastric infection? Can J Gastroenterol 2009;23:177-9. doi: 10.1155/2009/950527.
  8. Song Q, Lange T, Spahr A, Adler G, Bode G. Characteristic distribution pattern of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque and saliva detected with nested PCR. J Med Microbiol 2000;49:349-53. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-49-4-349.
  9. Gebara EC, Pannuti C, Faria CM, Chehter L, Mayer MP, Lima LA. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori detected by polymerase chain reaction in the oral cavity of periodontitis patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2004;19:277-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2004.00153.x.
  10. Dowsett SA, Kowolik MJ. Oral Helicobacter pylori: can we stomach it? Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003;14:226-33. doi: 10.1177/154411130301400307.
  11. Krajden S, Fuksa M, Anderson J, Kempston J, Boccia A, Petrea C, Babida C, Karmali M, Penner JL. Examination of human stomach biopsies, saliva, and dental plaque for Campylobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 1989;27:1397-8. doi: 10.1128/JCM.27.6.1397-1398.1989.
  12. Krasteva A, Panov V, Krasteva A, Kisselova A. Oral cavity and systemic diseases-Helicobacter pylori and dentistry. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 2011;25:2447-51. doi: 10.5504/BBEQ.2011.0078.
  13. De Schryver AA, Van Hooste WL, Van Winckel MA, Van Sprundel MP. Helicobacter pylori infection: a global occupational risk for healthcare workers? Int J Occup Environ Health 2004;10:428-32. doi: 10.1179/oeh.2004.10.4.428.
  14. Kheyre H, Morais S, Ferro A, Costa AR, Norton P, Lunet N, Peleteiro B. The occupational risk of Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018;91:657-74. doi: 10.1007/s00420-018-1315-6.
  15. Peters C, Schablon A, Harling M, Wohlert C, Costa JT, Nienhaus A. The occupational risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among gastroenterologists and their assistants. BMC Infect Dis 2011;11:154. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-154.
  16. Mohamed SM, El Touny MA, Ahmed OA, Hafez HM. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among healthcare workers in endoscopy units. Egypt Liver J 2014;4:94-8. doi: 10.1097/01.ELX.0000451423.22198.df.
  17. Honda K, Ohkusa T, Takashimizu I, Watanabe M, Amagasa M. High risk of Helicobacter pylori infection in young Japanese dentists. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;16:862-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02534.x.
  18. Matsuda R, Morizane T. Helicobacter pylori infection in dental professionals: a 6-year prospective study. Helicobacter 2005;10:307-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2005.00321.x.
  19. Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol 2018;89 Suppl 1:S46-73. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0576.
  20. Allaker RP, Young KA, Hardie JM, Domizio P, Meadows NJ. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori at oral and gastrointestinal sites in children: evidence for possible oral-to-oral transmission. J Med Microbiol 2002;51:312-7. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-51-4-312.
  21. Eskandari A, Mahmoudpour A, Abolfazli N, Lafzi A. Detection of Helicobacter pylori using PCR in dental plaque of patients with and without gastritis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010; 15:e28-31. doi: 10.4317/medoral.15.e28.
  22. Laine ML, Farre MA, Crusius JB, van Winkelhoff AJ, Pena AS. The mouthwash: a non-invasive sampling method to study cytokine gene polymorphisms. J Periodontol 2000;71:1315-8. doi: 10.1902/jop.2000.71.8.1315.
  23. Medina ML, Medina MG, Martin GT, Picon SO, Bancalari A, Merino LA. Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori in oral samples from patients suffering digestive pathologies. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010;15:e38-42. doi: 10.4317/medoral.15.e38.
  24. Adler I, Muino A, Aguas S, Harada L, Diaz M, Lence A, Lab-brozzi M, Muino JM, Elsner B, Avagnina A, Denninghoff V. Helicobacter pylori and oral pathology: relationship with the gastric infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:9922-35. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9922.
  25. Castro-Munoz LJ, Gonzalez-Diaz CA, Munoz-Escobar A, Tovar-Ayona BJ, Aguilar-Anguiano LM, Vargas-Olmos R, Sanchez-Monroy V. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori from the oral cavity of Mexican asymptomatic children under 5 years of age through PCR. Arch Oral Biol 2017;73:55-9. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.09.007.
  26. Loster BW, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Bielanski W, Karczewska E, Loster JE, Kalukin J, Guzik TJ, Majewski S, Konturek SJ. Prevalence and characterization of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and colonization in dentists. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009;60 Suppl 8:13-8.
  27. Bernander S, Dalen J, Gastrin B, Hedenborg L, Lamke LO, Ohrn R. Absence of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaques in Helicobacter pylori positive dyspeptic patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993;12:282-5. doi: 10.1007/BF01967259.
  28. Von Recklinghausen G, Weischer T, Ansorg R, Mohr C. No cultural detection of Helicobacter pylori in dental plaque. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1994;281:102-6. doi: 10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80643-2.
  29. Umeda M, Kobayashi H, Takeuchi Y, Hayashi J, Morotome-Hayashi Y, Yano K, Aoki A, Ohkusa T, Ishikawa I. High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori detected by PCR in the oral cavities of periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2003;74:129-34. doi: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.1.129.