DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Proposal for Extension of Local Autonomy and Financial Atonomy of Local Education

  • 투고 : 2021.02.23
  • 심사 : 2021.03.15
  • 발행 : 2021.03.31

초록

지방교육자치사무권 확대방안으로는 첫째, 지방교육자치제의 법체계의 혼란을 시정할 필요가 있고, 이를 위해 「지방분권 및 지방행정체제개편에 관한 특별법」 제12조 제2항과 제4항에서 "국가는 교육자치와 지방자치의 통합을 위하여 노력하여야 한다." "교육자치와 자치경찰제도의 실시에 관하여는 따로 법률로 정한다."고 한 규정은 폐지되어야 한다. 둘째, 국가수준에서 통일을 기하여야 할 불요불급한 법령사항 및 규제조치를 명료히 할 필요가 있고, 교육사무를 기본적으로 지방자치단체의 고유사무로 하고 특정사무에 대하여 국가가 수행하는 법정수탁사무제의 도입을 전향적으로 검토할 필요가 있다. 지방교육재정의 분권화는 지방교육자치제도 발전을 위하여 재원과 권한의 이양, 자율성 제고, 책임성이 요청된다. 첫째, 특별교부금 비율의 추가 조정(3%에서 2%) 또는 내 국가시책사업 비율의 하향 조정이다. 둘째, 세출예산을 편성할시 (일반회계로부터의 전입금으로 충당) 시·도지사와 협의한다는 조항을 삭제한다는 것이다. 셋째, 시·도의회의 권한을 제약하는 요소 제거이다. 네째, 국세교육세와 지방교육세를 통합하여 하나의 독립 목적세인 교육자치세(가칭)를 만들 필요가 있다. 다섯째, 교부금 총액배분 강화와 기준재정수요 측정항목에 대한 정산규정의 폐지이다. 여섯째, 교육부의 교부금 교부과정에 관계자 및 전문가 참여 확대 방안이다. 일곱째, 교육재정분야를 특수분야로 지정하여 장기보직제도를 마련할 필요가 있다. 여덟째, 협력적 거버넌스 확대이다.

The measures to extend local education autonomy are as follows: First, it is necessary to correct the confusion of the legal system of the local education autonomy system. For this, Article 12, Paragraph 2 and 4 of the 「Special Act on Local Autonomy and Decentralization, and Restructuring of Local Administrative Systems」 which state that "The State shall endeavor to consolidate systems for autonomy in education and local government" and "The implementation of autonomy in education and the autonomous police system shall be prescribed separately by Acts" should be deleted. Second, it is necessary to clarify unnecessary legal matters and regulatory measures for unification at the national level and to proactively consider the introduction of the legal trust system, in which education affairs are designated as local governments' own work and the state carries out specific affairs. The decentralization of local education finance is a key factor for the development of local education autonomy, and it requires the transfer of authority and resources to the region, and the enhancement of local autonomy and corresponding responsibility. First, the ratio of special grants must be adjusted further (from 3% to 2%) or the ratio of national policy projects must be lowered. Second, the provision that requires a consultation with a mayor/governor when making a budget covered by transfers from general accounts should be deleted. Third, it is necessary to remove the elements that limit the authority of city and provincial councils. Fourth, it is necessary to integrate the national education tax and the local education tax to create the education autonomy tax (tentative name) for only one independent purpose. Fifth, it is necessary to strengthen the distribution of the total amount of grants and abolish the settlement regulations for the measurement items of standard financial demand. Sixth is the expansion of the participation of stakeholders and experts in the grant distribution process. Seventh, it is necessary to establish a long-term employment system by designating the education finance field as a special field. Eight is the expansion of cooperative governance.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Local education finance alert on the Ministry of Education website, "Annual Revenue Trend of Local Education Finance of 17 City/Provincial Offices of Education by Year", 2020.
  2. Local education finance alert on the Ministry of Education website, "Annual Revenue Trend of Local Education Finance of 17 City/Provincial Offices of Education by Year", 2020.
  3. Kichang Song, Byeongju Kim, Yongnam Kim, Minju Na, Sukyung Nam, Moonyoung Um, Bumho Oh, Myungsuk Woo, Heungju Yoon, Sunho Lee, 2017 Education Finance White Paper, Korea Educational Development Institute, p.147-148, 2018.
  4. Gyun-cheol Koo, "Evaluation and Improvement Measures for Local Education Finance Funding System", p33-75, Korean Local Finance Journal 19(1). 2014.
  5. Ki-Chang Song , "Retrospection and Prospect of Education Finance for the Substantiation of Local Education Autonomy", p.57. 2018.
  6. Jun-Seong Hwang, "A Study on the Distribution of Educational Administration Authority between Central and Local, p.245-269. Education Law Research 27(1), 2015. https://doi.org/10.17317/tjle.27.1.201504.245
  7. Seok-Tae Kim, "Political Economy of Local Autonomy Zone Reorganization, p.237-238, Korean Academic Information Co., Ltd. 2012.
  8. Sang-Wan Park, "Decentralization Reform and the Role and Responsibilities of the Superintendent: A French Case Study, p.155-186. Korean education 40(4). 2013.
  9. Minju Na, "The Current Status and Tasks of Local Education Finance Decentralization", p.15, Education and Finance Economy Research 27(1). 2018.