Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Job Characteristics, Job Satisfaction, and Life Quality of Aging Workforce: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Regular and Non-regular Workers

고령화 인력의 직무 특성, 직무만족도, 그리고 삶의 질에 관한 연구: 국내 상용직 근로자와 비상용직 근로자의 매개효과를 중심으로

  • Received : 2020.10.13
  • Accepted : 2021.02.05
  • Published : 2021.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study suggests an alternative for solving quality-of-life problems of an aging workforce by seeking ways to utilize an aging workforce in corporations and society. This research empirically analyzed data from the 6th panel data of aging. Study results are as follows. First, it was confirmed that job satisfaction of aging manpower plays a mediating role in the relationship between quality of life and the job characteristics of an aging workforce. Second, it was found that the wage level of regular workers had a significant effect on job satisfaction and quality of life, and the job satisfaction of regular workers was mediated between wage level and quality of life. On the other hand, the wage level of non-regular workers did not have any effect on job satisfaction and quality of life. The results of this study suggest the necessity for companies to recognize the use of an aging workforce to improve social value. Furthermore, our results provide implications for domestic firms and government policymakers on how to use a domestic aging workforce and how to utilize regular and non-regular workers.

본 연구는 고령화 사회에 직면하여 기업 및 사회의 고령화 인력에 대한 활용방안을 모색함으로써 이들 삶의 질적 문제를 개선하기 위한 대안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 한국고용정보원이 수집한 고령화 6차 패널 자료를 통해 국내 임금근로자를 대상으로 이들 연구 문제를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 우선, 고령화 인력의 자발적 복리후생 유무, 임금 수준, 법정 복리후생 유무, 관행적 퇴직 권유 수준, 그리고 직무적합도는 직무만족도와 삶의 질 간 매개한다는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로 상용직 근로자의 임금 수준은 직무만족도에 영향을, 삶의 질에 간접적으로 영향을 미쳤으나, 비상용직 근로자의 임금 수준은 직무만족도와 삶의 질에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이에 따라 비상용직 근로자의 직무만족도는 임금 수준과 삶의 질 간 매개하지 않다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 기업으로 하여금 고령화 인력의 활용을 비용적 측면이 아닌 사회적 가치의 향상으로 인식할 필요성을 제시하며, 국내 기업과 정부의 정책입안자에게 국내 고령화 인력의 활용방안과 상용직 근로자와 비상용직 근로자의 활용에 대한 시사점을 제공한다.

Keywords

References

  1. D. W. Lim, "Japan's age Society' took 24 years... Korea only took 17 years", The Korea Economic Daily, [cited 2018 August 27], Available From: https://www.hankyung.com/economy/article/2018082723501 (accessed Oct. 3, 2020)
  2. S. E. Lee, OECD Health Statistics 2018, Annual Report, Korea Institute For Health And Social Affairs, Korea, pp.9-10.
  3. S. E. Yoon, H. L. NA, H. H. Shin, G. J. Kim, Retirement White Paper Samsung Life Insurance, Koreans preparing for retirement, Annual Report, Samsung Life, Korea, pp.39-41.
  4. C. Y. Kim, Recent Changes in Population by Age Group and Employment Changes by Industry, Policy Report, Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade, Korea, pp.2-10.
  5. S. H. Choi, W. R. Kang, S. Y. Hong, "International Comparison of Elderly Work Orientation", Issue Paper, Samsung Economic Research Institute, Korea, pp.2-3.
  6. T. H. Kim, Y. H. Kim, "A study on Mesculinity, Work, Family and Pshchological Wel-being of the Middle-Age Men", Korea Association of Family Reiations, Vol.8, No.1, pp.99-120, 2003.
  7. C. S. Kim, H. Y. Cho, "Another View on the Social Discourse of Productive Aging in Korea", Reserch of Social Science, Vol.24 No.2, pp.7-2, June 2017.
  8. H. N, Bang, D, K. Shin, D. H. Kim, H. G. Shin, Population Aging, Labor Market Change, and Labor Policy Tasks, Policy Report, Korea Labor Institute, Korea, pp.10-17.
  9. S. R. Kang, S. H. Moon, "Assessing Effects of Job Characteristic of Eldery Population on Quality of Life: Eveidence from KLoSA", Research of Social Security, Vol.26, No.3, Aug. 2010.
  10. H. J. Kwon, Employment structure and employment service policy tasks for middle-aged and elderly people, Policy report, Korea Employment Information Service, Korea, pp.10-15.
  11. J. A. Son, S. M. Park, "An Exploratory Study on the Quality of Employment for the Disabled Based on the 'Decent Job' Perspective", Quarterly Journal of Labor Policy, Vol.11, No.1, pp.131-164, 2011. https://doi.org/10.22914/JLP.2011.11.1.006
  12. D. W. Eum, "Wage and Performance Rating : New Evidence from Personnel Data of a Korean Large Frim", The Korean Labor Economic Association, Vol.31, No.3, pp.47-74, Dec. 2008.
  13. J. K. Han, "A Study on the Effect of Job Characteristics on Job Satisfaction : Focusing on the Moderating Effects of Human Resource Management for Middle and Old Aged Employees", Journal of Human Resource Management Research, Vol.23, No.1, pp.19-45, March 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14396/jhrmr.2016.23.1.19
  14. J. C. Son, Y. P. Moon, "Productivity, Growth, and Job Creation acros Characteristics in the Firms located in Daejeon and Chungnam Provinces", Regional industry review, Vol.39, No.3, pp.27-62, Aug. 2018.
  15. C. H. Lee, "The Impact of Population Aging and Changing Economic Activity of Older Males on the Labor Force Structure", Association Of Korean Economic Studies, Vol.25, pp.5-40, June 2009.
  16. BORG, R. "Factors determining career choice", European Education, Vol.28. No.2, pp.6-20, 1996. https://doi.org/10.2753/EUE1056-493428026
  17. Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., Patton, G. K. "The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review", Psychological bulletin, Vol.127, No.3, pp.376-407, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376
  18. H. N. Bang, "A Study of Reciprocal Effects between Job Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction and Their Determinants", The Korean Labor Economic Association, Vol.23, pp.133-154, March 2000.
  19. Mannell, R.C., Dupuis, S., Life satisfaction. In Birren, J.E. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Gerontology, 2. Pergamon Press, San Diego, CA, 1996.
  20. Klemmack, D. L., Roff, L. L., "Fear of Personal Aging and Subjective Weil-Being in Later Life", Journal of Gerontology, Vol.39, No.6, pp.756-758, Nov. 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/39.6.756
  21. H. D. Kim, S. H. Sung, "The Influence of HRD, Pay Level, and Usefulness of Job Skills on the Job Satisfaction of Old Salaried Workers and the Interaction Effects of Age", Journal of Vocational Education & Training, Vol.13, No.1, pp.27-47, April 2010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36907/krivet.2010.13.1.27
  22. J. H. Kim, Y. J. Noh, J. H. Lee, K. Y. Lee, D. H. Kim, Research on labor relations in Korea -Analysis of data on preliminary survey of workplace panels-, p.136, Korea Labor Institute, Korea, 2002, pp.1-136.
  23. S. C. Choi, H. J. Lee, "Employee Benefits and Turn-over Intention: The mediating Effects of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises", Academy Of Korean Social Welfare Administration, Vol.16, No.3, pp.465-491, Aug. 2014.
  24. J. C. Lee, Psychology of Human Resource Management, p.413, Hakjisa, 2011, pp.1-413.
  25. S. C. Choi, Plan to revitalize domestic corporate welfare: Develop a corporate welfare program based on the needs of workers, p.250, Jipmundang, 2005, pp.1-250.
  26. S. A. Kim, C. H. Cho, "The Effects of Benefits on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Differential Effects of Obligational and Voluntary Benefits", Business Management Research, Vol.6, No.2, pp.1-13, Dec. 2013. https://doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v6n2p1
  27. Killingworth, A., Van Den Akker, O., "The quality of life of renal dialysis patients: trying to find the missing measurement", International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol.33, No.1, pp.107-120, Feb. 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7489(95)00040-2
  28. Mutchler, J. E., Burr, J. A., Massagli, M., Pienta, A., "Work transitions and health in later life", The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, Vol.54, No.5, S252-S261, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/54B.5.S252
  29. Koenig, Harold G., eligion and health in later life, p.1185, Minesota Fortress Press. 1995, pp.1-1185.
  30. M. A. Sung, S, E, Choi, "A Study on Korean Retirees'Life Satisfaction with a Focus on Gender Differnence", Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, Vol.48, No.9, pp.13-25, 2010.
  31. M. Y. Kim, S. H. Son, M. S. Park, "Korean Middle-Aged and Elderly Men's Experiences of Retirement and Life Satisfaction after Retirement", Korea Family Resource Management Association, Vol.15, No.4, pp.65-78, Nov. 2011.
  32. Noe, R. A., "An investigation of the determinants of successful assigned mentoring relationships", Personnel psychology, Vol.41, No.3, pp.457-479, 1988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00638.x
  33. Juster, F. T., Stafford, F., Time, goods, and well-being, p.542, Univ of Michigan Pr, 1985, pp.1-542.
  34. K. J. Min, J. S. Hwang, "A Study on the Effect of the Daily Activities on the Quality of Life for the Aged", Korean Society of Gerontological Social Welfare, Vol. 36, pp.221-246, June 2007.
  35. Price, J. L., and Mueller, C. W. Absenteeism and turnover of hospital employees, p.282, JAI press, 1986, pp.1-282.
  36. Hackman, J. R., Oldham, G., Janson, R., Purdy, K. "A new strategy for job enrichment", California Management Review, Vol.17, Vol.4, pp.57-71, 1975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/41164610
  37. Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire, p.120, Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation, 1967, pp.1-120.
  38. Gereld, B. "Correlation of Job Satisfaction among Human Service Workers", Administration of Social Worker, Vol.10, No.1, pp.25-32, 1986.
  39. H. U. Youm, S. D. Cheung, W. S. Seok, B. H, Koo, D. S. Bai, "The Relationship of Spiritual Well-being and Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Active Old Age", Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine, Vol.22, No.1, pp.27-42, June 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2005.22.1.27
  40. S. M. Kim, I. S. Shim, "A Study on the Effects of Satisfaction of the Maternity Experiences to Quality of Life among Women with Disability", The Women's Studies, Vol.72, No.1, pp.73-107, June 2007.
  41. Efklides, A., Kalaitzidou, M., Chankin, G., "Subjective quality of life in old age in Greece: The effect of demographic factors, emotional state and adaptation to aging", European Psychologist, Vol.8, No.3, pp.178-191, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.8.3.178
  42. J. M. Seong, "Study on The Labor Market Dynamics of Low Income Earners", The Korean Social Security Association, Vol.27, No.4, pp.165-189, Nov. 2011.
  43. K. J. BAE, Changes in production and regular and temporary workers in major service sectors, General Report, Korea Labor Institute, Korea, pp.31-41.
  44. Y. M. Moon, "The effect of outsourcing on regular employment : Focused on technology level", Korea Association of Regional Studies, Vol.26, No.2, pp.45-64, June 2018.
  45. H. C. Lee, K. S. Kim, "The Effect of Credential and Academic Clique on Income in Korea: Based on cognition of Regular Employee", The Journal of Education, Vol.33, No.1, pp.77-90, June 2012.
  46. W. T. Lim, S. H. Lee, "Estimation of Fund Raising for Requirement to Maintain Social Insurances of Non-regular Construction Workers and Political Measures", Korean Journal of Labor Studies, Vol.24, No.1, pp.197-227, Feb. 2018.
  47. G. B. Shim, Employment Status and Improvement Tasks of Foreign Workers at Construction Sites, Issue Paper, Construction & Economy Research Institute of Korea, Korea, pp.1-25.
  48. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. Multivariate data analysis, p.928, Pearson, 2005, pp.1-928.
  49. Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. "Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.18, No.3, pp.382-388, Aug. 1981. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
  50. Sobel, M. E.. "Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models", Sociological methodology, Vol.13, pp.290-312, 1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/270723