Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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An Explorative Study of Big Companies' Expansion Strategies to Digital Businesses

대기업의 디지털 산업 확장 유형의 탐색적 연구

  • Kim, Iljoo (School of Software Convergence, College of ICT Convergence, Myongji University)
  • 김일주 (명지대학교 융합소프트웨어학부)
  • Received : 2021.11.02
  • Accepted : 2021.11.10
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

Firms have many ways to expand their businesses including M&A. Big companies in online and offline businesses show different ways of expansion with different objectives to expand their digital businesses quickly. Expansions for technical reasons are to acquire technologies they do not have while those for business reasons are M&A for offline companies to have competence in markets by acquiring online companies. Other ways of expansions include spin-off and group participation after investments for startups. Various ways of expansions are chosen because they are optimal choices depending on situations the companies face, and they have different strengths and weaknesses. To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of those options for expansion at this stage would be academically valuable, and also practically meaningful in terms of providing insights for companies' decision making in choosing opitions for expansions. M&A of online companies to make multi-channels by offline companies have risks of failing to internalize online companies and have enough synergy effects. Also, spin-off is a relatively less risky way of expansion while the speed of expansion is slower than establishing external startups with some shares of equity and making them as affiliated companies. External startups are good for speed of expansion while there are risks of legal regulations and negative awareness by the public.

인수합병을 비롯하여 기업은 여러 형태의 확장 방법을 가지고 있다. 한국의 온오프라인 대기업들은 신속한 디지털 산업 확장에 있어 여러가지 목적들에 따른 다양한 확장 방식을 보여주고 있다. 기술적 이유에 의한 확장의 경우 부족한 기술적 요소 획득을 위한 목적이며, 사업적 이유로 인한 확장은 시장 경쟁력 확보를 위한 동종산업의 오프라인 기업이 온라인 진출을 목적으로 하는 합병이 있다. 다른 확장 형태들로는 기업의 관련 사업 확장을 목적으로 내부에서 성장시킨 기업을 분사시키는 형태의 확장과 신생 관계사들에 부분적 투자를 하고 성장 후 그룹 자회사로 흡수하는 외부로부터의 인수 합병 형태의 확장 등이 있다. 다양한 형태의 확장은 상황에 따른 최적의 선택이라는 측면도 있지만, 각기 다른 장단점을 가지고 있으며 기업들은 이를 고려한 선택을 하고 있다. 그러한 이유로 기업의 확장 방법들의 목적과 장단점을 학문적으로 검토해 보는 것은 학술적으로도 이 시점에서 필요하다고 생각되며, 실무적으로도 기업들에 통찰력을 제공할 수 있는 가치가 있다고 생각된다. 동종 오프라인 기업의 멀티채널화 합병의 경우 온라인 기업 내재화의 성공 가능성 및 시너지 효과가 낮을 위험성이 있으며, 내부 성장 기업의 분사는 안정성은 있지만, 내부 자원의 제약에 따른 확장 속도가 느린 문제가 있을 수 있다. 반면 외부 창업 후 자회사로 흡수시키는 경우 법적 규제 가능성과 외부의 부정적 인식 우려의 위험성이 존재한다.

Keywords

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