Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum in cattle adapted or not adapted to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets

  • Received : 2019.10.01
  • Accepted : 2020.03.23
  • Published : 2021.01.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: Feed additives that modify rumen fermentation can be used to prevent metabolic disturbances such as acidosis and optimize beef cattle production. The study evaluated the effects of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows that were adapted or unadapted to a high concentrate diet. Methods: A double 3×3 Latin square design was used with three PAP treatments (control, powdered, and liquid PAP) and two adaptation protocols (adapted, unadapted; applied to the square). Adapted animals were transitioned for 2 weeks from an all-forage to an 80% concentrate diet, while unadapted animals were switched abruptly. Results: Interactions between sampling time and adaptation were observed; 12 h after feeding, the adapted group had lower ruminal pH and greater total short chain fatty acid concentrations than the unadapted group, while the opposite was observed after 24 h. Acetate:propionate ratio, molar proportion of butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentration were generally greater in adapted than unadapted cattle up to 36 h after feeding. Adaptation promoted 3.5 times the number of Entodinium protozoa but copy numbers of Streptococcus bovis and Fibrobacter succinogens genes in rumen fluid were not affected. However, neither liquid nor powdered forms of PAP altered rumen acidosis variables in adapted or unadapted animals. Conclusion: Adaptation of cattle to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets promoted a more stable ruminal environment, but PAP was not effective in this study in which no animal experienced acute or sub-acute rumen acidosis.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, Brazil) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) for providing the financial support and CAMAS Inc. for providing the polyclonal antibodies tested in this study. The authors also thank Gilmar E. Botteon for the care of animals, as well as Ari Luiz de Castro and Gilson L.A. Godoy for assistance with laboratory analysis.

References

  1. Bevans DW, Beauchemin KA, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, McKinnon JJ, McAllister TA. Effect of rapid or gradual grain adaptation on subacute acidosis and feed intake by feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2005;83:1116-32. https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.8351116x
  2. Owens FN, Secrist DS, Hill WJ, Gill DR. Acidosis in cattle: a review. J Anim Sci 1998;76:275-86. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.761275x
  3. Mao SY, Zhang RY, Wang DS, Zhu WY. Impact of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) adaptation on rumen microbiota in dairy cattle using pyrosequencing. Anaerobe 2013;24:12-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.08.003
  4. Petri RM, Schwaiger T, Penner GB, et al. Characterization of the core rumen microbiome in cattle during transition from forage to concentrate as well as during and after an acidotic challenge. Plos One 2013;8:e83424. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083424
  5. Nagaraja TG, Titgemeyer EC. Ruminal acidosis in beef cattle: the current microbiological and nutritional outlook. J Dairy Sci 2007;90:E17-38. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-478
  6. DiLorenzo N, Diez-Gonzalez F, DiCostanzo A. Effects of feeding polyclonal antibody preparations on ruminal bacterial populations and ruminal pH of steers fed high-grain diets. J Anim Sci 2006;84:2178-85. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2005-489
  7. Kelley KW, Lewis HA. Monoclonal antibodies: pragmatic application of immunology and cell biology. J Anim Sci 1986;63:288-309. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.631288x
  8. Marino CT, Otero WG, Rodrigues PHM, et al. Effects of adding polyclonal antibody preparations on ruminal fermentation patterns and digestibility of cows fed different energy sources. J Anim Sci 2011;89:3228-35. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3062
  9. Bastos JPST, Marino CT, Millen DD, et al. Effects of adding a spray-dried polyclonal antibody preparation on ruminal fermentation patterns and digestibility of cows fed high concentrate diets. Ital J Anim Sci 2012;11:e76. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2012.e76
  10. Pacheco RDL, Millen DD, DiLorenzo N, et al. Effects of feeding a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, rumenitis, and blood gas profile in Bos indicus biotype yearling bulls. J Anim Sci 2012;90:1898-909. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3521
  11. DiLorenzo N, Dahlen CR, Diez-Gonzalez F, Lamb GC, Larson JE, DiCostanzo A. Effects of feeding polyclonal antibody preparations on rumen fermentation patterns, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. J Anim Sci 2008;86:3023-32. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0859
  12. AOAC. Official methods of analysis. 20th ed. Rockville, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2016.
  13. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991;74:3583-97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  14. Erwin ES, Marco GJ, Emery EM. Volatile fatty acid analyses of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. J Dairy Sci 1961;44:1768-71. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89956-6
  15. Pryce JD. A modification of the Barker-Summerson method for the determination of lactic acid. Analyst 1969;94:1151-2. https://doi.org/10.1039/an9699401151
  16. Kulasek GA. A micromethod for determining urea in blood plasma, whole blood and blood corpuscles with the use of urease and phenol reagent. Pol Arch Weter 1972;15:801-10.
  17. Foldager J. Protein requirement and non-protein nitrogen for high producing cow in early lactation, East Lasing MI, USA: Michigan State University; 1977.
  18. Stevenson DM, Weimer PJ. Dominance of Prevotella and low abundance of classical ruminal bacterial species in the bovine rumen revealed by relative quantification real-time PCR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007;75:165-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0802-y
  19. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 2001;25:402-8. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262
  20. Yuan JS, Reed A, Chen F, Neal Stewart Jr C. Statistical analysis of real-time PCR data. BMC Bioinformatics 2006;7:85. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-7-85
  21. Dehority BA. Laboratory manual for classification and morphology of rumen ciliate protozoa. Boca Ranton FL, USA: CRC Press Inc.; 1993.
  22. Holtshausen L, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Beauchemin KA. Ruminal pH profile and feeding behaviour of feedlot cattle transitioning from a high-forage to a high-concentrate diet. Can J Anim Sci 2013;93:529-33. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas2013-073
  23. Blanch M, Calsamiglia S, DiLorenzo N, DiCostanzo A, Muetzel S, Wallace RJ. Physiological changes in rumen fermentation during acidosis induction and its control using a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation in heifers. J Anim Sci 2009;87:1722-30. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1184
  24. Goad DW, Goad CL, Nagaraja TG. Ruminal microbial and fermentative changes associated with experimentally induced subacute acidosis in steers. J Anim Sci 1998;76:234-41. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.761234x
  25. Slyter LL. Influence of acidosis on rumen function. J Anim Sci 1976;43:910-29. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1976.434910x
  26. Nagaraja TG. Response of the gut and microbial populations to feedstuffs: the ruminant story. In: Proceedings of 64th Minnesota Nutrition Conference; 2003; St. Paul MN, USA.
  27. Russel JB, Hino T. Regulation of lactate production in Streptococcus bovis: a spiraling effect that contributes to rumen acidosis. J Dairy Sci 1985;68:1712-21. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)81017-1
  28. Khafipour E, Li S, Plaizier JC, Krause DO. Rumen microbiome composition determined using two nutritional models of subacute ruminal acidosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009;75:7115-24. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00739-09
  29. Arcuri PB, Lopes FCF, Carneiro, JC. Rumen microbiology. In: Berchielli TT, Pires AV, Oliveira SG, editors. Ruminants nutrition. Jaboticabal SP, Brazil: FUNEP; 2006. pp. 115-60.
  30. Fernando SC, Purvis II HT, Najar FZ, et al. Rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010;76:7482-90. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00388-10
  31. Carvalho LFPB, Amorim GL, Matos DS, et al. Rumen protozoa of goat fed soybean hull. Braz J Health Anim Prod 2011;12:244-53.
  32. Otero WG. Evaluation of microbial diversity and in situ degradability in animals treated with polyclonal antibody preparation against lactate-producer and proteolytic bacteria [dissertation]. Pirassununga, Brazil: University of Sao Paulo; 2008.
  33. Humblet MF, Guyot H, Boudry B, et al. Relationship between haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, and clinical status in a survey of dairy herds during a 6-month period. Vet Clin Pathol 2006;35:188-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00112.x
  34. Alsemgeest SP, Kalsbeek HC, Wensing T, et al. Concentrations of serum amyloid-A (SAA) and haptoglobin (HP) as parameters of inflammatory diseases in cattle. Vet Q 1994;16:21-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1994.9694410
  35. Skinner JG, Brown RA, Roberts L. Bovine haptoglobin response in clinically defined field conditions. Vet Rec 1991;128:147-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.128.7.147
  36. Maeda H, Fujimoto C, Haruki Y, et al. Quantitative realtime PCR using TaqMan and SYBR Green for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, tetQ gene and total bacteria. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2003;39:81-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(03)00224-4
  37. Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Development and use of competitive PCR assays for the rumen cellulolytic bacteria: Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001;204:361-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10911.x
  38. Schwaiger T, Beauchemin KA, Penner GB. The duration of time that beef cattle are fed a high-grain diet affects the recovery from a bout of ruminal acidosis: dry matter intake and ruminal fermentation. J Anim Sci 2013;91:5729-42. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6471