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L2 억양에서 나타나는 모국어 간섭과 언어 보편적 간섭현상의 상호작용: 피치대역을 중심으로

Interaction of native language interference and universal language interference on L2 intonation acquisition: Focusing on the pitch range variation

  • 투고 : 2021.10.31
  • 심사 : 2021.12.06
  • 발행 : 2021.12.31

초록

본 연구는 제 2언어 억양습득 과정에서 나타나는 언어 보편적 간섭현상인 피치대역(음역) 축소현상과모국어 간섭현상이 어떤 양상으로 상호작용하며 한국어 습득과정에서 어떤 순서로 나타나는지 중국인 한국어 학습자들을 통해 살펴보았다. 본 연구에는 7명의 한국어 원어민 화자와 초·중·고급 수준의 중국인 한국어 학습자 각 10명 총 37명이 발화 실험에 참여하였다. 연구 참여자들은 난이도가 다른 한국어 담화 4개와 이를 중국어로 번역한 중국어 담화 4개를 낭독 발화하였다. 한국어화자와 중국인 학습자들이 산출한 음성자료는 음성분석 프로그램 Praat을 사용하여 각 문장별로 Pitch span, Pitch level, Pitch dynamic quotient(PDQ), 왜도와 첨도를 측정하였고 이후 언어 간 분석, 그룹 간 분석, 그룹 내 분석을 통해 두 현상의 상호작용양상을 살펴보았다. 언어 간 분석결과 중국어는 한국어보다 높은 Pitch span과 Pitch level로 특징지어졌다. 이를 바탕으로 초·중·고급 중국인 학습자들의 한국어 발화문에 대한 그룹 간 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 초급과 중급 학습자들에게서는 모국어 간섭보다는 음역 축소현상이 두드러지게 나타났으며 고급 학습자들은 음역 축소현상이 완화되어 한국 화자에 근접한 양상을 보여주었다. 중국인 학습자들이 발화한 목표어인 한국어와 모국어인 중국어 문장을 대상으로 한 그룹 내 분석에서도 숙달도가 높을수록 모국어와 목표어 간 피치 편차가 줄어들어 음역 축소현상이 완화되었다. 문장 내 피치 변동 범위를 파악하기 위한 PDQ분석에서 중국어 문장은 한국어 문장보다 음역 변동범위가 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그룹 간 분석에서는 초·중급 학습자들의 PDQ가 한국어와 중국어보다 현저히 낮은 값을 보였다. 고급학습자들도 한국어나 중국어보다 낮은 수치를 보였으나 한국어에 근접한 양상으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 숙달도가 낮은 화자일수록 음역 축소 현상이 두드러지게 나타나며 고급 화자의 경우 목표어인 한국어와 유사한 양상으로 실현됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 분석 대상인 음성학적 층위에서는 모국어 간섭현상이 뚜렷하게 관찰되지 않았다.

In this study, we examined the interactive aspects between pitch reduction phenomena considered a universal language phenomenon and native language interference in the production of L2 intonation performed by Chinese learners of Korean. To investigate their interaction, we conducted an acoustic analysis using acoustic measures such as pitch span, pitch level, pitch dynamic quotient, skewness, and kurtosis. In addition, the correlation between text comprehension and pitch was examined. The analyzed material consisted of four Korean discourses containing five and seven sentences of varying difficulty. Seven Korean native speakers and thirty Chinese learners who differed in their Korean proficiency participated in the production test. The results, for differences by language, showed that Chinese had a more expanded pitch span, and a higher pitch level than Korean. The analysis between groups showed that at the beginner and intermediate levels, pitch reduction was prominent, i.e., their Korean was characterized by a compressed pitch span, low pitch level, and less sentence internal pitch variation. Contrariwise, the pitch use of advanced speakers was most similar to Korean native speakers. There was no significant correlation between text difficulty and pitch use. Through this study, we observed that pitch reduction was more pronounced than native language interference in the phonetic layer.

키워드

과제정보

이 논문은 2020년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단 인문분야 중견연구자지원사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2020S1A5A2A01044515).

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