Phonetics and Speech Sciences (말소리와 음성과학)

Korean Society of Speech Sciences (한국음성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Interaction of native language interference and universal language interference on L2 intonation acquisition: Focusing on the pitch range variation

L2 억양에서 나타나는 모국어 간섭과 언어 보편적 간섭현상의 상호작용: 피치대역을 중심으로

  • Received : 2021.10.31
  • Accepted : 2021.12.06
  • Published : 2021.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we examined the interactive aspects between pitch reduction phenomena considered a universal language phenomenon and native language interference in the production of L2 intonation performed by Chinese learners of Korean. To investigate their interaction, we conducted an acoustic analysis using acoustic measures such as pitch span, pitch level, pitch dynamic quotient, skewness, and kurtosis. In addition, the correlation between text comprehension and pitch was examined. The analyzed material consisted of four Korean discourses containing five and seven sentences of varying difficulty. Seven Korean native speakers and thirty Chinese learners who differed in their Korean proficiency participated in the production test. The results, for differences by language, showed that Chinese had a more expanded pitch span, and a higher pitch level than Korean. The analysis between groups showed that at the beginner and intermediate levels, pitch reduction was prominent, i.e., their Korean was characterized by a compressed pitch span, low pitch level, and less sentence internal pitch variation. Contrariwise, the pitch use of advanced speakers was most similar to Korean native speakers. There was no significant correlation between text difficulty and pitch use. Through this study, we observed that pitch reduction was more pronounced than native language interference in the phonetic layer.

본 연구는 제 2언어 억양습득 과정에서 나타나는 언어 보편적 간섭현상인 피치대역(음역) 축소현상과모국어 간섭현상이 어떤 양상으로 상호작용하며 한국어 습득과정에서 어떤 순서로 나타나는지 중국인 한국어 학습자들을 통해 살펴보았다. 본 연구에는 7명의 한국어 원어민 화자와 초·중·고급 수준의 중국인 한국어 학습자 각 10명 총 37명이 발화 실험에 참여하였다. 연구 참여자들은 난이도가 다른 한국어 담화 4개와 이를 중국어로 번역한 중국어 담화 4개를 낭독 발화하였다. 한국어화자와 중국인 학습자들이 산출한 음성자료는 음성분석 프로그램 Praat을 사용하여 각 문장별로 Pitch span, Pitch level, Pitch dynamic quotient(PDQ), 왜도와 첨도를 측정하였고 이후 언어 간 분석, 그룹 간 분석, 그룹 내 분석을 통해 두 현상의 상호작용양상을 살펴보았다. 언어 간 분석결과 중국어는 한국어보다 높은 Pitch span과 Pitch level로 특징지어졌다. 이를 바탕으로 초·중·고급 중국인 학습자들의 한국어 발화문에 대한 그룹 간 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 초급과 중급 학습자들에게서는 모국어 간섭보다는 음역 축소현상이 두드러지게 나타났으며 고급 학습자들은 음역 축소현상이 완화되어 한국 화자에 근접한 양상을 보여주었다. 중국인 학습자들이 발화한 목표어인 한국어와 모국어인 중국어 문장을 대상으로 한 그룹 내 분석에서도 숙달도가 높을수록 모국어와 목표어 간 피치 편차가 줄어들어 음역 축소현상이 완화되었다. 문장 내 피치 변동 범위를 파악하기 위한 PDQ분석에서 중국어 문장은 한국어 문장보다 음역 변동범위가 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그룹 간 분석에서는 초·중급 학습자들의 PDQ가 한국어와 중국어보다 현저히 낮은 값을 보였다. 고급학습자들도 한국어나 중국어보다 낮은 수치를 보였으나 한국어에 근접한 양상으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 숙달도가 낮은 화자일수록 음역 축소 현상이 두드러지게 나타나며 고급 화자의 경우 목표어인 한국어와 유사한 양상으로 실현됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 분석 대상인 음성학적 층위에서는 모국어 간섭현상이 뚜렷하게 관찰되지 않았다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2020년 대한민국 교육부와 한국연구재단 인문분야 중견연구자지원사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2020S1A5A2A01044515).

References

  1. Andreeva, B., Demenko, G., Wolska, M., Mobius, B., Zimmerer, F., Jugler, J., Oleskowicz-Popiel, M., ... Trouvain, J. (2014, January). Comparison of pitch range and pitch variation in Slavic and Germanic Languages. Proceedings of the 7th Prosody Conference(pp. 776-780). Dublin, Ireland.
  2. Bartkova, K., Bonneau, A., Colotte, V., & Dargnat, M. (2012). Production of "continuation contours" by French speakers in L1(French) and L2(English). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266344815_Productions_of_continuation_contours_by_French_speakers_in_L1_French_and_L2_English
  3. Busa, M. G. (2010). Effects of L1 on L2 pronunciation: Italian prosody in English. In A. Maley, & C. Gagliardi (Eds.), EIL, ELF, global English: Teaching and learning issues(pp. 207-228). Bern, Switzerland: Peter Lang.
  4. Graham, C., & Post, B. (2018). Second language acquisition of intonation: Peak alignment in American English. Journal of Phonetics, 66, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2017.08.002
  5. Hosseini, A. (2013). L1 interference in L2 prosody: Contrastive focus in Japanese and Persian. Journal of Logic Language and Information, 11, 55-67.
  6. Jun, S. A. (2000). K-ToBI (Korean ToBI) labelling conventions. Retrieved from https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/jun/ktobi/ktobi3-2.pdf
  7. Jun, S. A., & Oh, M. (2000, October). Acquisition of second language intonation. 6th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, ICSLP 2000 (Inter-speech 2000) (pp. 73-76). Beijing, China.
  8. Jung, H. (2014). The influence of Chinese neutral tone on boundary tone of Korean. (Master's thesis). Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea.
  9. Ladd, D. R. (1996). Intonational phonology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  10. Katarina, B., Bonneau, A., Colotte, V., & Dargnat, M. (2012). Productions of "continuation contours" by French speakers in L1 (French) and L2 (English). Retrieved from https://www.research-gate.net/publication/266344815_Productions_of_continuation_contours_by_French_speakers_in_L1_French_and_L2_English
  11. Kim, T. K., & Baek, G. M. (2016). Accentual phrase realization in second language acquisition: The case of Korean-learning Chinese. The Korean Language and Literature, 68, 93-114.
  12. Lee, M., & Sohn, N. (2010). Tonal pitch variation of spontaneous speech in standard Chinese. Journal of Chinese Language and Literature, 55, 373-398.
  13. Mennen, I. (2004). Bi-directional interference in the intonation of Dutch speakers of Greek. Journal of Phonetics, 32(4), 543-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2004.02.002
  14. Mennen, I. (2007). Phonological and phonetic influences in non-native intonation. In J. Trouvain, & U. Gut (Eds.), Non-native prosody: Phonetic description and teaching practice (pp. 53-76). Boston, MA: De Gruyter Mouton.
  15. Mennen, I., Schaeffler, F., Dickie, C. (2014). Second language acquisition of pitch range in German learners of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 36(2), 303-329. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263114000023
  16. Park, J. (2009). A study of Korean utterances of Chinese Korean learners: Regarding dialogic intonation (Master's thesis). Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  17. Park, J. (2012). A comparative study of Korean intonation produced by Korean speakers and Chinese speakers (Master's thesis). Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
  18. Ueyama, M. (1997, September). The phonology and phonetics of second language intonation: The case of "Japanese English". Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (pp. 2411-2414).
  19. Ullakonoja, R. (2007, August). Comparison of pitch range in Finnish (L1) and Russian (L2). Proceedings of the ICPhS XVI (pp. 1701-1704). Saarbrucken, Germany.
  20. Yuan, J., & Liberman, M. (2014). F0 declination in English and Mandarin broadcast news speech. Speech Communication, 65, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2014.06.001
  21. Zimmerer, F., Jugler, J., Andreeva, B., Mobius, B., & Trouvain, J. (2014, May). Too cautious to vary more? A comparison of pitch variation in native and non-native productions of French and German speakers. Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2014 (pp. 1037-1041). Dublin, Ireland.