KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE (한국작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Crop Science (한국작물학회)
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Effects of Transplanting and Direct Seeding on the Growth and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) during Spring Cultivation

유채 봄 재배 시 기계이식과 직파 재배시기에 따른 생육 및 수량 비교

  • Lee, Ji-Eun (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Soo (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • An, Da-hee (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA) ;
  • Cha, Young-Lok (Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA)
  • 이지은 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 김광수 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 안다희 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소) ;
  • 차영록 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소)
  • Received : 2021.09.23
  • Accepted : 2021.10.07
  • Published : 2021.12.01
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Abstract

In South Korea, direct seeding of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is difficult during spring cultivation in early March because of the low yield production associated with late flowering and poor seed quality. To compare the period of direct sowing, the present study investigated the growth characteristics of rapeseed according to planting dates. Specifically, 35 day-old seedlings were transplanted or directly sown on four different dates (late February, early March, late March, and early April) in 2020 and 2021. As the planting date was delayed, the days to flowering of rapeseed decreased. Similarly, the plant height, seed set percentage, and seed yield of rapeseed were reduced upon delay in planting. The seed yield of rapeseed through direct seeding in late February was the highest, 2.76 ton·ha-1. On all seeding dates, except for late February, the transplanted rapeseed produced a higher yields than the directly seeded rapeseed. The crude oil and oleic acid content, which is related to the quality of rapeseed, decreased with the delay in planting dates, and this decrease was greater, with the direct seeding of rapeseed depending on the sowing time. In the correlation analysis, the planting date was significantly and negatively correlated with the yield, crude oil content, and oleic acid content of the transplanted rapeseed, while the sowing date was negatively correlated with the plant height, silique size, yield, and seed quality of the directly seeded rapeseed. Finally, the effect of planting date on rapeseed growth was stronger in direct seeding than in transplanting. Therefore, during spring cultivation after late February to early March, transplanting, rather than direct seeding, in more advantageous in terms of seed quality and yield.

유채 봄 재배를 위한 육묘 후 기계이식 재배와 종자 직파 재배시기에 따른 생육량, 종실 수량, 그리고 종자 품질 등 차이를 구명하기 위해 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 이식 유채와 직파 유채의 개화기 차이는 파종 시기가 늦어질수록 더 커졌으며, 2020년 2월 말 파종 방법별 개화기 차이는 12일이었으나, 4월 초 파종 시 23일이었다. 또한, 유채 개화소요 일수는 이식 및 직파 시기가 늦어질수록 짧아졌다. 2. 유채의 결실기 생육 조사 결과, 초장은 기계이식 재배에서 평균 101.6 cm로 유의성이 없으나, 직파 재배의 경우 파종 시기가 늦을수록 감소하여 유의성을 보였다. 종자 결실 비율 또한 4월 상순 기계이식 재배에서 83.6%, 3월 하순, 4월 상순 직파 유채 각각 80.4, 74.3%로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 3. 종자 수량은 2월 직파한 유채에서 275.5 kg/10a로 가장 높았으며, 4월 초 직파한 유채에서 34.6 kg/10a로 가장 낮았다. 또한, 2월 말 직파 유채에 비하여 4월 초 직파 유채의 수량은 87.4% 감소하였으며, 같은 시기 이식 유채는 31.8% 감소하여 감소폭이 적었다. 4. 유채 종자의 품질과 관련된 조지방 함량은 기계이식 재배에서는 4월 상순 이식 시 27.8%로 다른 이식 시기에 비하여 15% 감소하였으며, 나머지 3 이식시기 간의 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 직파 재배는 2월 하순에서 4월 상순까지 직파 시기가 늦어질수록 파종시기에 의존적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 이식 유채에서는 이식 시기와 결실 비율, 수량, 올레산 함량, 조지방 함량 간의 부의 상관관계를 보였으며, 직파 재배 또한 직파 시기와 초장, 꼬투리 생육, 결실비율, 수량, 종자 품질 간의 부의 상관관계를 보여 생육에 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 판단되었다. 6. 이러한 이식 및 직파 시기에 따른 유채 생육의 변화 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 파종 시기가 늦어질수록 직파에서 받는 생육 감소 영향이 더 큰 것으로 생각된다. 본 결과는 논 안전 재배를 위한 유채 이식 및 직파 재배의 한계 파종일 및 이식일을 설정할 수 있는 자료로써, 재배법 확립의 기초 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 작물시험연구사업(과제번호: PJ01429002)의 지원에 의해 수행되었다.

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