DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Literatures Related to Crop Growth and Yield of Onion and Garlic Using Text-mining Approaches for Develop Productivity Prediction Models

양파·마늘 생산성 예측 모델 개발을 위한 텍스트마이닝 기법 활용 생육 및 수량 관련 문헌 분석

  • Kim, Jin-Hee (National Center for Agro-Meteorology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Jun (National Center for Agro-Meteorology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Seo, Bo-Hun (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Kwang Soo (National Center for Agro-Meteorology, Seoul National University)
  • 김진희 ((재)국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 김대준 ((재)국가농림기상센터) ;
  • 서보훈 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 김광수 ((재)국가농림기상센터)
  • Received : 2021.09.06
  • Accepted : 2021.12.22
  • Published : 2021.12.30

Abstract

Growth and yield of field vegetable crops would be affected by climate conditions, which cause a relatively large fluctuation in crop production and consumer price over years. The yield prediction system for these crops would support decision-making on policies to manage supply and demands. The objectives of this study were to compile literatures related to onion and garlic and to perform data-mining analysis, which would shed lights on the development of crop models for these major field vegetable crops in Korea. The literatures on crop growth and yield were collected from the databases operated by Research Information Sharing Service, National Science & Technology Information Service and SCOPUS. The keywords were chosen to retrieve research outcomes related to crop growth and yield of onion and garlic. These literatures were analyzed using text mining approaches including word cloud and semantic networks. It was found that the number of publications was considerably less for the field vegetable crops compared with rice. Still, specific patterns between previous research outcomes were identified using the text mining methods. For example, climate change and remote sensing were major topics of interest for growth and yield of onion and garlic. The impact of temperature and irrigation on crop growth was also assessed in the previous studies. It was also found that yield of onion and garlic would be affected by both environment and crop management conditions including sowing time, variety, seed treatment method, irrigation interval, fertilization amount and fertilizer composition. For meteorological conditions, temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and humidity were found to be the major factors in the literatures. These indicate that crop models need to take into account both environmental and crop management practices for reliable prediction of crop yield.

농산물 중에서도 노지채소는 생육특성상 기상요건의 변화에 민감하게 반응한다. 온난화로 인한 노지 채소류의 급격한 재배적지 및 생산성 변동의 대응 방안으로 작물모형을 활용한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔으며 신뢰도 높은 생산성 예측을 위해 관련된 다양한 요인에 대한 분석이 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 정밀한 작물 생육 모형의 개발에 앞서 대표적인 노지 채소 작물인 마늘과 양파를 대상으로 문헌 조사를 수행하여 생육 및 생산성과 관련된 모형 개발 연구 동향을 분석하였다. 또한, 작물의 생육 또는 생산성을 예측하는 모형에 관한 문헌들을 분류하여 모형 개발을 위한 시사점을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌이 수록된 데이터베이스를 이용하여 키워드 조합으로 검색하여 얻어진 관련 문헌들을 수집하였으며, 텍스트마이닝 기법 중 워드클라우드와 의미연결망을 활용하여 수집된 논문들에서 나타난 연구 동향을 분석하였다. 또한 각각의 문헌들을 분석하여 양파와 마늘의 생육 및 수량에 영향을 미치는 요소를 탐색하였다. 그 결과 국내외 모두 식량작물인 벼에 비해 노지채소는 문헌 건수가 월등히 적었다. 또한 텍스트마이닝을 통한 분석결과 연구동향의 경우 기후변화와 원격탐사 등이 주로 검색되었으며, 작물생육 관련인자로는 기온, 관수 등이 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 문헌 분석을 통해 확인된 마늘과 양파의 생산성에 영향을 미치는 조건들은 환경 및 재배요인에 따라 다양하게 나타났는데, 토양 조건의 경우 토양 무기 성분, pH 농도 및 토양 수분 등이, 생산성과 관련된 재배관리 조건으로는 파종 시기, 품종, 종자처리 방식, 관수간격, 시비량 및 비료 성분 등이 주요 인자로 분류되었다. 기상 조건의 경우, 기온, 강수량, 일사량 및 습도 등이 다수의 문헌에서 주요 인자로 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과들은 차후 추가적인 작물모형 개발에 활용할 수 있는 핵심적인 입력 요소를 파악하기 위해 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 농촌진흥청 공동연구사업(과제번호: PJ015123032021) 및 한국농수산식품유통공사 용역과제(계약번호 20200701551-00)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것이며, 최종보고서 중 일부를 발췌하여 작성되었습니다.

References

  1. Ahn, Y. K., G. L. Choi, and H. S. Choi, 2010: Productivity of seed garlic using garlic bulbils as affected by planting dates and storage temperatures. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 28(6), 959-963.
  2. Andarzian, B., A. Bakhshandeh, M. Bannayan, Y. Emam, G. Fathi, and K. A. Saeed, 2008: Wheatpot: a simple model for spring wheat yield potential using monthly weather data. Biosystems Engineering 99(4), 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.12.008
  3. Baek, H. S., and I. S. Kim, 2020: An analysis of the impact of climate change on the Korean onion market. Journal of Industrial Disribution & Business 11(3), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.13106/jidb.2020.vol11.no3.39
  4. Bae, R. N., S. D. Yun, Y. K. Ahn, I. J. Mok, and C. I. Lim, 2002: Differences in plant growth and bulb development as affected by storage temperatures of two garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 20(2), 95-99.
  5. Bae, Y.-S., H. J. Choi, J. S. Lee, M. H. Park, J. W. Choi, and J. G. Kim, 2016: Effect of packing type and storage temperature on microbial growth and quality of fresh-cut onions (Allium cepa cv. turbo). Korean Journal of Food Preservation 23(5), 623-630. https://doi.org/10.11002/KJFP.2016.23.5.623
  6. Bastian, M., and S. Heymann, 2009: Gephi: An open source software for exploring and manipulating networks. Proceeding of International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. May 17-20, San Jose, California.
  7. Cha, M. K., 2015: Semantic network analysis of "Arts management" in Newspaper Articles - From 1990 to 2014. The Journal of Cultural Policy 29(2), 168-201. https://doi.org/10.16937/JCP.29.2.201508.168
  8. Choi, H. S., E. Y. Yang, W. B. Chae, Y. B. Kwack, and H. L. Kim, 2009: Effect of soil temperature, seedtime, and fertilization rate on the secondary growth in the cultivation of the big bulbils of Namdo garlic (Allium sativum L.). Journal of Bio-Environment Control 18(4), 454-459.
  9. Choi, S. C., and J. S. Baek, 2016: Garlic yields extimation using climate data. Journal of the Korean Data And Information Science Society 27(4), 969-977. https://doi.org/10.7465/jkdi.2016.27.4.969
  10. Choi, Y.-M., J.-N. Lee, J.-T. Lee, G.-O. Cho, and W.-B. Kim, 2000: Yield and storability of onion (Allium cepa L.) according to application of controlled-release fertilizer in Alpine area. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology 41(5), 499-502.
  11. Cho, S. K., E. T. Lee, Y. J. Oh, I. H. Choi, Y. J. Kim, and J. G. Kim, 2006: Effect of paddy and upland conditions on yield and storage of onion bulbs. Korean Journal of Crop Science 51(5), 401-407.
  12. Cho, S. K., Y. B. Oh, E. T. Lee, Y. S. Jang, and I. H. Choi, 2000: Growth characteristics of onion (Allium cepa L.) under different cultural conditions on paddy and upland. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 18(1), 143p.
  13. Cui, Y. Y., J. H. Seon, K. H. Chung, S. R. Shin, and K. Y. Paek, 1999: Effects of bulb size, type of media, depth of planting, and nutrient compositions on the growth of tissue cultured garlic microbulbs in hydroponic culture. Journal of Plant Biotechnology 26(2), 137-142.
  14. Doerfel, M. L., and G. A. Barnett, 1999: A semantic network analysis of the international communication association. Human Communication Research 25(4), 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1999.tb00463.x
  15. Ha, H.-T., J.-M. Hwang, and Y.-M. Park, 2000: Comparison of growth and developmental characteristics of northern type local garlic cultivars in Euiseong region. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 18(1), 499-502.
  16. Ham, B.-J., K.-H. Kim, S.-H. Lim, and S.-J. Lim, 2000: Effect of mulching film materials on growth and yield in spring sowing culture of onion. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 18(1), 173pp.
  17. Ha, Y. H., and K. Kim, 2016: Decomposition of supply variability into yield effects and cultivation area effects using a coefficient of variation approach. Korean Agricultural Economics Association 57(3), 37-53.
  18. Huh, E. J., J. G. Woo, Y. S. Kwon, and K. S. Cho, 2004: Optimum size and storage method of onion sets for spring sowing onion production in highland. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 22(4), 416-421.
  19. Hwang, J. M., and G. S. Tae, 2000: Changes of microclimates and garlic growth in outdoor by mulching and tunnel treatments. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology 41(1), 27-30.
  20. Kim, B. Y., 1995: Effect of heavy metal contents in upland soil on the uptake by green onion and lettuce and their growth. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 14(3), 253-262.
  21. Kim, C.-B. C.-Y. Kim, M. Park, D.-H. Lee, and J. Choi, 2000: Effect of chemical properties of cultivation soils on the plant growth and the quality of garlic. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 33(5), 333-339.
  22. Kim, C. Y., J. S. Kim, Y. J. Seo, M. S. Heo, and J. H. Park, 2011: Microclimatic change and growth status by soil-covering material in organic garlic cultivation. Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture 19, 234-237.
  23. Kim, D. J., S. O. Kim, K. H. Moon, and J. I. Yun, 2012a: An outlook on cereal grains production in South Korea based on crop growth simulation under the RCP8.5 climate change scenarios. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 14(3), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2012.14.3.132
  24. Kim, J., Choi, S. C., Kim, J., and H. S. Seo, 2021: A correlation between growth factors and meteorological factors by growing season of onion. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 23(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2021.23.1.1
  25. Kim, J. H., and J. I. Yun, 2015: A Thermal time-based phenology estimation in Kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 17(4), 333-339. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2015.17.4.333
  26. Kim, J. H., and J. I. Yun, 2016: Projecting the spatio-temporal change in yield potential of Kimchi Cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis) under intentional shift of planting date. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 18(4), 298-306. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2016.18.4.298
  27. Kim, J. H., W. G. Sang, P. Shin, J. K. Baek, C. Cho, and M. C. Seo, 2019: History and future direction for the development of rice growth models in Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 21(3), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2019.21.3.167
  28. Kim, K. S., Kim, J., and S. Hyun, 2020: Analysis of crop survey protocols to support parameter calibration and verification for crop models of major vegetables. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 22(2), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2020.22.2.68
  29. Kim, S., 2018: Development of examination model of weather factors on garlic yield using big data analysis. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society 19(5), 480-488. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2018.19.5.480
  30. Kim, T.-W., C.-H. Lee, Y.-D. Bak, Y.-B. Min, and S.-H. Lee, 2015: Productivity and quality characteristics of onions applied with defective onion and purslane extracts during cultivation. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(6), 37-46.
  31. Kim, W. I., J. K. Suh, H. D. Kim, B. S. Kim, and M. J. Lee, 1998: Effect of topdressing methods of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and storage of onion (Allium cepa L.) in mulch-cropping system. Korean Journal of Food Preservation 5(2), 127-132.
  32. Kim, Y. W., S. Y. Hong, Y. H. Kim, and M. W. Jang, 2012b: Water balance-based farmland suitability for southern-type garlic cultivation. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 54(6), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2012.54.6.019
  33. KOSIS (KOrea Statistical Information Service), 2020: (https://kosis.kr/index/index.do)
  34. Kostoff, R. N., D. R. Toothman, H. J Eberhart, and J. A Humenik, 2001: Text mining using database tomography and bibliometrics: A review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 68(3), 223-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00133-0
  35. Ku, Y.-G., W. Park, E.-T. Lee, C.-W. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, Y.-S. Jang, and S.-J. Ahn, 2008: Effect of high temperature and humidity on Seed Production and Mother Bulb Harvesting of Onion. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 26(2), 97-100.
  36. Lee. E.-J., and J.-K. Suh, 2009a: Effect of watering control on growth and bulb size of plug seedling in onion (Allium cepa L.) set production. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 27(2), 167-173.
  37. Lee, E. J., and J. K. Suh, 2009b: Effect of temperature on the growth, pyruvic acid and sugar contents in onion bulbs. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 27(4), 554-559.
  38. Lee, E. Y., K. Chu, and D. H. Lee, 2019: A study on recent trend analysis in consumer research applying word cloud. Journal of Product Research 37(1), 1-7.
  39. Lee, H.-J., H.-S. Han, S.-U. Chon, D.-K. Kim, H. S. Kwon, and K. D. Lee, 2014: Physiological characteristics and yield of onion affected by rapid temperature changes. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 33(4), 364-371. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2014.33.4.364
  40. Lee, H. J., S. G. Lee, S. K. Kim, B. Mun, J. H. Lee, H. S. Lee, Y. S. Kwon, J. W. Han, and C. W. Kim, 2018: Effects of combination of air temperature and soil moisture contents on growth, clove initiation, physiological disorders, and yield of garlic. Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory 27(3), 191-198. https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.3.191
  41. Lee, E. M., and Y. B. Lee, 1994: Systematic propagation of high quality garlic (Allium sativum L.) through shoot apical meristem culture I. Organogenesis from in vitro cultured Shoot-tips. Korean Journal Plant Tissue Culture 21(3), 161-166.
  42. Lee, J. H., J. D. Cheung, J. H. Lim, K. B. Choi, and B. S. Choi, 1999: Effect of media and planting density on growth and yield of leaf garlic in hydroponics. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 17(5), 705pp.
  43. Lee, J., S. Hwang, B. Min, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Hong, S. Lee, S. Shim, and G. E. Boyhan, 2018: Effect of compost and mixed oilseed cake application rates on soil chemical properties, plant growth, and yield of organic bulb onions. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 36(5), 666-680.
  44. Lee, J.-T., H.-D. Kim, S.-D. Lee, and C.-W. Ro, 2012: Evaluation of composted pig manure and organic fertilizer for organic onion production in paddy soil. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 30(2), 123-128. https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2012.11086
  45. Lee, J. T., I. J. Ha, H. D. Kim, J. S. Moon, and S. D. Lee, 2009: Times and frequencies of additional fertilization to improve nutrient efficiency of organic liquid fertilizer for onion organic cultivation. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 27(1), 30-36.
  46. Lee, J. T., I. J. Ha, H. D. Kim, J. S. Moon, W. I. Kim, and W. D. Song, 2006: Effect of liquid pig manure on growth, nutrient uptake of onion, and chemical properties in soil. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 24(2), 148-156.
  47. Lee, K. D., 2014: Effects of rapid temperature change on growth response and yield of garlic in greenhouse with thermostat control system in Jeonnam province. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 47(6), 571-578. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2014.47.6.571
  48. Lee, S. C., 2001: The growth characteristics and yield of treatment onion (Allium cepa L.) seed in direct sowing cultivation. Korean Journal of Plant Resources 14(2), 94-101.
  49. Lee, S. E., Moon, K. H., Shin, M. J., and S. Y. Oh, 2020: Leaf gas-exchange model parameterization and simulation for estimating photosynthesis in onion. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 22(4), 233-238. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2020.22.4.233
  50. Lee, S. I. C.-S. Son, and H.-R. Lee, 2020: An analysis of changes onion yields in Korea using panel regression analysis and bayesian network model. Journal of Rural Development 43(2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.36464/JRD.2020.43.2.001
  51. Lee, Y.-H., D.-K. Lee, and W.-H. Lee, 1997: Effect of water potential on mycelial growth and production of sclerotia of sclerotium cepvorum. The Plant Pathology Journal 13(4), 200-204.
  52. Lim, C.-H., G. S. Kim, E. J. Lee, S. Heo, T. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and W. K. Lee, 2016: Development on crop yield forecasting model for major vegetable crops using meteorological information of main production srea. Journal of Climate Change Research 7(2) 193-203. https://doi.org/10.15531/KSCCR.2016.7.2.193
  53. Lim, C.-S., T.-H. Park, J.-L. Cho, and S.-M. Kang, 2002: Effect of daylength and temperature after bolting on flower curd and seed yield of early onion Samnamjosaeng. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 20(4), 306-308.
  54. Li, J.-X., C.-D. Wee, and B.-K. Sohn, 2011: Effect of functionally - strengthened fertilizers on garlic growth and Soil Properties. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 44(2), 308-315. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.2.308
  55. Nam, K.-H., and Y.-C. Choe, 2015: A study on onion wholesale price forecasting model. Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development 22(4), 423-434. https://doi.org/10.12653/JECD.2015.22.4.0423
  56. Maimon, O., and L. Rokach, 2010: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook 2nd Ed. Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London, 1-37.
  57. Nam, S. S., I. H. Choi, and Y. S. Jang, 2005: Response of root elongation and plant height growth in southern type garlic (Allium sativum L.) under different soil water potential conditions. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 23(1), 1-5.
  58. Moon, K. H., K. S. Choi, I. C. Son, E. Y. Song and S. Oh, 2014: A simple emergence model of southern type garlic based on temperature. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 16(4), 343-348. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2014.16.4.343
  59. Oh, S., and M. S. Kim, 2017: Predicting Onion Production by Weather and Spatial Time Series Model. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society 19(5). 2447-2456. https://doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2017.19.5.2447
  60. Oh, S., K. H. Moon, and S. C. Koh, 2015: Assessment of high temperature impacts on early growth of garlic plant (Allium sativum L.) through monitoring of photosystem activities. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 33(6), 829-838. https://doi.org/10.7235/hort.2015.15078
  61. Oh, S., K. H. Moon, and S. C. Koh, 2017: Effects of different day / night temperature regimes on growth and clove development in cool-type garlic (Allium sativum L.). Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 35(1), 1-10.
  62. Oh, S.-Y., K. H. Moon, E. Y. Song, M. Shin, and S. C. Koh, 2019a: Photosynthesis and growth of southern-type garlic (Allium sativum L.) in response to elevated temperatures in a temperature gradient tunnel. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 21(4), 250-260. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2019.21.4.250
  63. Oh, S.-Y., K. H. Moon, E. Y. Song, and S. C. Koh, 2019b: Photosynthesis, growth, and clove formation of southern-type garlic in response to different day/night temperature regimes. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 37(6), 696-707.
  64. Oh, S.-Y., K. H. Moon, M. Shin, and S. C. Koh, 2020: Shoot growth, bulb development and mineral contents of southern-type garlic in response to elevated temperatures in temperature gradient tunnels. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 38(4), 440-450.
  65. Oh, S. Y., and S. C. Koh, 2020: Growth and Mineral Content of Southern-type Garlic Grown in Volcanic and Non-volcanic Ash Soils on Jeju Island. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology 38(1), 56-65.
  66. Park, S. H., Y. S. Moon, O. J. Jeong, W. K. Kang, and D. B. Kim, 2018: Analysis of influence on galic crops and its economical value by meteorological and climatological information. Journal of the Korean earth science society 39(5), 419-435. https://doi.org/10.5467/JKESS.2018.39.5.419
  67. Reddy, V., and Y. A. Pachepsky, 2000: Predicting crop yields under climate change conditions from monthly gcm weather projections. Environmental Modelling & Software 15(1), 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-8152(99)00011-0
  68. Ryu, J., J. A. Lee, and B. I. Ahn, 2020: Effects of agricultural outlook information on the farmers' adjustment of cultivation area: the case of onion and garlic. Korean Agricultural Economics Association 61(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.24997/kjae.2020.61.1.1
  69. Schnegg, M., and R. Bernard, 1996: Words as actors: A method for doing semantic network analysis. CAM Journal 8(2), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822x960080020601
  70. Shim, K. M., K. A. Roh, K. H. So, G. Y. Kim, H. C. Jeong, and D. B. Lee, 2010: Assessing impacts of global warming on rice growth and production in Korea. Journal of Climate Change Research 1(2), 121-131.
  71. Song, E. Y., K. H. Moon, S. H. Wi, C. H. Kim, C. K. Lim, S. Oh, and I. C. Son, 2017: Impact of elevated temperature in growing season on growth and bulb development of extremely early-maturing onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Singsingball). Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 19(4), 223-231. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2017.19.4.223
  72. Song, E. Y., K. H. Moon, S. H. Wi, and S. Oh, 2018: Growth and bulb characteristics of extremely early-maturing onion by air temperature variation at different altitudes. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 20(4), 321-329. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2018.20.4.321
  73. Song, S. H., J. M. Yoo, Y. K. Hong, D. W. Ree, and S. K. Kim. 1985. Effect of planting date on growth and yield of fall-harvest sweet corn. Kyonggido Agricultural Research Report 3, 89-95.
  74. Suh, S. K., and H. G. Park, 1994: Effects of temperature pretreatment, growth regulators and antibiotic treatments on anther cultures of various cultivars of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology 35(4), 337-344.
  75. Tae, G. S., and J. M. Hwang, 2000: Changes of microclimates and response of garlic growth by supplemental lighting and tunnel in the plastic film house. Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology 41(6), 589-592.
  76. Yang, C.-H., C.-H. Yoo, B.-W. Shin, J.-D. Kim, and S.-W. Kang, 2006: Effect of band spotty fertilization on yields and Nutrient Utilization of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Plastic Film Mulching Cultivation. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 39(6), 380-385.
  77. Wi, S. H., K. H. Moon, E. Y. Song, I. C. Son, S. J. Oh, and Y. Y. Cho, 2017: Growth and fresh bulb weight model in harvest time of southern type garlic var. Namdo based on temperature. Protected Horticulture and Plant Factory 26(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2017.26.1.13
  78. 국가과학기술지식정보서비스 (NTIS; http://www.ntis.go.kr)
  79. 국립기상과학원, 2019: IPCC 6차평가보고서 대응 전지구 기후변화 전망보고서 (SSP1-2.6/SSP5-8.5에 따른 기후변화 전망), 39pp.
  80. 통계청, 2020: 2020년 보리, 마늘, 양파 생산량 조사 결과 (보도자료), 2020.07.20.
  81. 통계청 국가통계포털 (KOSIS; https://kosis.kr/index/index.do)
  82. 한국농촌경제연구원 농업관측본부 (https://aglook.krei.re.kr/)
  83. 학술연구정보 서비스 (RISS; http://www.riss.kr)
  84. SCOPUS (http://www.scopus.com)