Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

Business Incubator Manager's Competency Characteristics Affect Organizational Commitment and Work Performance : Focused on the Manager's Self-Efficacy

창업보육센터 매니저의 역량 특성이 조직몰입과 업무성과에 미치는 영향 : 매니저의 자기효능감을 중심으로

  • 박상호 (한남대학교 경영정보학과) ;
  • 강신철 (한남대학교 경영정보학)
  • Received : 2021.01.05
  • Accepted : 2021.02.22
  • Published : 2021.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Representative domestic start-up support organizations include the Business Incubator(BI), Korea Institute of Startup & Entrepreneurship Development(KISED), Techno Park(TP), and Center of Creative Economy Innovation(CCEI), and there are about 260 Business incubator nationwide. The Business incubator is operated by universities, research institutes, and private foundations or associations. The organization consists of the center director and the incubating professionals (hereinafter referred to as "manager"), etc., and performs tasks such as center operation management and incubation support services for tenant companies. Until now, research on the operation of Business Incubator has been mainly focused on the performance of tenant companies. Studies on whether the manager's competency characteristics directly or indirectly affect the performance of the tenant companies through psychological mediators such as self-efficacy and organizational commitment were very scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore various factors influencing organizational commitment and job performance by the competence characteristics of Business incubator managers, and to explain the causal relationship among those factors. In particular, the difference in perception was investigated by a manager's survey that influences organizational commitment and work performance at the Business incubator. Through this, we intend to present practical implications for the role of managers in the operation of Business incubators. This study is an exploratory study, and the subject of the study was a survey of about 600 managers working at Business incubator nationwide, of which 116 responses were analyzed. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability. Structural equation model analysis was performed for hypothesis tests. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the cognitive characteristics of the Business incubator manager, communication, and situational response as the behavioral characteristics had a positive effect on the manager's self-efficacy, and the behavioral characteristics had a greater effect on the self-efficacy. It was also found that the manager's cognitive and behavioral characteristics, and self-efficacy had a positive effect on organizational commitment and work performance. In particular, a manager's self-efficacy has a positive effect on organizational commitment and work performance. This result showed that the manager's competency characteristics increase the manager's self-efficacy as a mediating factor rather than directly affecting organizational commitment and work performance. This study explains that the manager's competency characteristics are transferred to organizational commitment and work performance. The results of the study are expected to reflect the job standard of the National Competency Standards (NCS) and basic vocational competency to the job competency of managers, and it also provides a guideline for the effective business incubator operation in terms of human resource management. In practice, it is expected that the results of the study can reflect the vocational basic skills of the Business Incubator manager's job competency in the National Competency Standards(NCS) section, and suggest directions for the operation of the Business Incubator and the manager's education and training.

국내 대표적인 창업지원 기관으로 창업보육센터, 창업진흥원, 테크노파크, 창조경제혁신센터 등이 있으며, 전국에 창업보육센터는 260여개가 있다. 창업보육센터는 운영 주체로 대학, 연구소, 재단·협회 등이 운영하고 있고, 센터는 센터장과 창업보육전문매니저(이하 '매니저') 등으로 구성되어 센터 운영관리 및 입주기업 창업보육지원서비스 등의 업무를 수행하고 있다. 그동안 창업보육센터 운영에 관한 연구는 주로 입주기업의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 중심으로 연구되었지, 창업보육센터 매니저의 역량 특성과 조직몰입이 업무성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구는 부족했다. 본 연구의 목적은 창업보육센터 매니저의 역량 특성이 조직몰입과 직무성과에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들을 탐색하고 각 요인 간의 인과관계를 밝힘으로써 창업보육센터 운영에서 매니저의 역할에 실무적인 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 본 연구는 탐색적 연구로써 연구대상은 전국 창업보육센터에 근무하는 약 600명의 매니저를 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 유효한 116개의 응답 자료를 근거로 기술통계 분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석 등과 구조방정식모형으로 가설을 검정하였다. 분석 결과, 창업보육센터 매니저의 인지적 특성인 기술, 행동적 특성인 의사소통과 상황대처가 매니저의 자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 행동적 특성이 인지적 특성보다 자기효능감에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 매니저의 인지적 특성과 행동적 특성, 그리고 자기효능감은 조직몰입과 업무성과에 직간접적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 매니저의 자기효능감은 조직몰입과 업무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는데, 이러한 결과는 매니저의 역량 특성이 조직몰입과 업무성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치기보다는 매니저의 자기효능감을 매개로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점은 창업보육센터 매니저의 자기효능감이 행동적 특성과 업무성과 간의 인과관계에서 매우 중요한 매개역할을 하므로 창업보육센터를 효율적으로 운영하기 위해서는 매니저의 자기효능감을 높일 수 있도록 업무환경을 조성하고 매니저의 역량을 향상시키기 위한 교육이나 지원이 필요하다는 점이다. 또한 본 연구결과는 국가직무능력표준(NCS)에서 창업보육센터 매니저의 직무 능력에 자기효능감을 직업기초능력으로 포함할 필요가 있다는 것을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. 권상집.정지용(2016). 창업보육센터의 매니저 역량 및 경영/법률 지원과 입주기업 창업자의 역량이 기업 성과에 미치는 영향. 한국창업학회지, 11(4), 67-87.
  2. 권순창(2004). 대학병원 직원의 업무성과에 미치는 영향요인 분석. 석사학위논문, 연세대학교 대학원.
  3. 김대임.전인오(2015). 창업보육센터의 창업자능력이 입주기업성과에 미치는 영향: 운영형태특징과 매니저역량특성을 중심으로, 기업경영연구, 22(6), 71-85.
  4. 김문성.박성철(2010). 자기효능감의 결정요인과 산출물에 관한 연구. GRI 연구논총, 12(2), 5-34.
  5. 김미영(2012). 지방공무원의 직무스트레스가 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구, 석사학위, 충남대학교 행정대학원.
  6. 김병엽(2007). AHP를 이용한 창업보육센터 평가에 관한 연구, 석사학위, 한라대학교 정보산업대학원.
  7. 김영문.강태균(2017). 창업보육 수요자 관점에서의 창업보육매니저가 갖추어야할 핵심역량에 관한 연구. 한국창업학회지, 12(5), 129-154.
  8. 김지혜(2016). 창업보육매니저의 직무 역량이 직무만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 석사학위, 한밭대학교 창업경영대학원.
  9. 김호정.김형철.장재식(2012). 창업보육매니저 특성이 입주기업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향 관한 연구. 경영컨설팅연구, 12(4), 35-54.
  10. 김호정.김형철.윤종록(2012). 창업보육센터 입주기업의 경영성과 영향요인에 관한 실증 연구. 한국창업학회지, 7(1), 51-76.
  11. 문형주.최교원.홍기학.이기성.손창균(2007). 지역 내 창업보육센터의 발전 방향에 대한 소고(小考). 벤처창업연구, 2(1), 1-14.
  12. 박동열.하규수(2014). 창업보육센터 운영시스템과 매니저 특성에 따른 성과에 관한 연구. 한국산학기술학회논문지, 15(12), 7118-7133.
  13. 박만희.양동우(2011). 창업보육센터(BI) 입주심사지표특성과 성과의 관계에 관한 실증연구: BI 역량의 조절효과를 중심으로. 한국산학기술학회논문지, 12(1), 233-247.
  14. 박재용(1999). 창업보육센터의 본질과 성공요인에 관한 연구. 社會科學 論叢, 17(-), 275-296.
  15. 박정규.유왕진(2007). DEA를 이용한 창업보육센터의 운영 효율성 평가에 관한 연구, 한국창업학회지, 2(1), 121-138.
  16. 배영임(2016). 창업보육센터 지원서비스와 매니저 역량이 입주기업의 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 벤처창업연구, 11(2), 145-155.
  17. 서재현(2002). 개인의 성향과 조직 내 경험이 경력몰입, 팀몰입 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 조직과 인사관리연구, 26, 61-87.
  18. 오헌석(2007). 역량중심 인적자원개발의 비판과 쟁점 분석. 한국경영교육학회 경영교육연구 경영교육논총, 47, 191-213(p23).
  19. 우수명(2002). 창업보육센터(Business Incubator) 매니저의 역할에 대한 연구. 고려대학교 대학원 高凰論集, 31, 285-300.
  20. 윤종록.김형철.김호정(2011). 창업보육 매니저 역량과 지원서비스가 입주기업 경영성과에 미치는 영향, 대한경영학회 학술발표대회 발표논문집, 2011(10), 90-105.
  21. 이건창.서영욱.한민희(2009). 유비쿼터스 의사결정지원시스템이 개인의 흡수역량을 통하여 업무성과, 직무몰입, 그리고 의사결정의 질에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구, 경영학연구, 38(5). 1307-1328.
  22. 이목화(2004). 자기효능감이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향, 석사학위, 고려대학교 대학원.
  23. 이상훈.류춘렬(2020). NCS기반 의사소통과목 수강이 의사소통능력, 소통적 자기효능감, 스피치 능력 및 공감능력에 미치는 영향, 한국소통학보, 19(3), 155-185.
  24. 이옥철(2014). 대학생의 국민안전의식지수(PSCI) 및 응급상황대처 자기효능감에 대한 안전교육 효과, 위기관리이론과실천, 10(10), 1-18.
  25. 정대용.김춘광.노경훈(2008). 창업보육센터본부와 입주업체간 관계의 질이 직무만족, 조직몰입, 이탈의도에 미치는 영향. 한국창업학회지, 3(1), 133-153.
  26. 전영욱.김진모(2005). 기업체 인적자원개발 담당자의 핵심직무역량 모델 개발. 한국농산업교육학회농업교육과 인적자원개발농업 교육과 인적자원개발, 37(2), 2005.06111-137, 27.
  27. 정해주(2005). 연구논문 : 창업보육센터 성과에 영향을 미치는 창업보육매니저의 특성 연구. 인적자원관리연구, 12(4),147-163.
  28. 정현우.이희영.홍재범(2018). 창업보육센터 매니저의 서번트 리더십이 입주기업의 매니저 만족도와 경영성과에 미치는 영향 : 자기효능감의 매개효과. 大韓經營學會誌 , 31(3), 667-691.
  29. 중소기업청(2016). 창업보육지원체계 창업보육지원체계 전면 혁신방안. Retrieved from http://www.bi.go.kr.
  30. 최강득.김영문(2015). 창업보육센터 매니저의 역량이 입주기업 경영성과에 미치는 영향. 산업경제연구, 28(1), 551-574.
  31. 최강득.김영문.조인석(2015). 창업보육센터 매니저의 고용안정성이 창업보육 성과에 미치는 영향. 벤처창업연구, 10(1), 13-21.
  32. 최길성(2010). 역량기반의 전문대학 교육과정 개선 방안, 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 10(10).
  33. 최문실(2017). 의사소통 인식과 의사소통능력 및 자기효능감에 대한 융합연구, 중소기업학회, 7(6), 79-87.
  34. 하상조(2000). 대학내 창업보육센터 운영의 실태분석과 육성방안. 경제연구, 9(2), 237-266.
  35. 한국기업교육학회(2010). HRD 용어사전, (주)중앙경제.
  36. 한국창업보육협회(2020), 전국 창업보육센터 현황, Retrieved from https://www.bi.go.kr/incu/center/list.do.
  37. 한국창업보육협회(2016). 창업보육매니저매뉴얼, 한국창업보육협회, 85-145.
  38. 홍대웅.이일한.손종서(2017). 경기도 문화콘텐츠분야 창업보육센터지원서비스가 입주기업 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 벤처창업연구, 12(4), 47-60.
  39. 황보윤.김재형 (2016). 창업기업 성과에 미치는 창업보육 지원 서비스 연구. 벤처창업연구, 11(5), 57-66.
  40. 허경호(2003). 포괄적 대인 의사소통 능력 척도개발 및 타당성 검증. 한국언론학회지, 47(6), 380-408.
  41. 현말순.조인석.안상봉(2017). 대학 창업보육센터 매니저의 직무스트레스가 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향. 한국창업학회지, 12(2), 126-154
  42. Allen, D. N., & Rahman, S.(1985). Small business incubators: a positive environment for entrepreneurship. J. Small Bus. Manage., 12-24 (July).
  43. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P.(1991). A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
  44. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P.(1996). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: An examination of construct validity. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49, 252-276. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043
  45. Bae, Y. I.(2016). Impact of Business Incubator's Support Service and Manager's Capabilities on the Start-Up Performance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship(APJBVE), 11(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.11.2.201604.145
  46. Bandura, A.(1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  47. Bandura, A., & Wood, R.(1989). Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(5), 805-814. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.56.5.805
  48. Bentler, P. M., & Mooijaart, A.(1989). Choice of structural model via parsimony: A rationale based on precision. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 315-317. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.315
  49. Bergek, A., Hekkert M.P., & Jacobsson, S.(2008). 'Functions in Innovation Systems: A Framework for Analysing Energy System Dynamics and Identifying Goals for System-Building Activities by Entrepreneurs and Policy Makers'. RIDE/IMIT Working Paper, no. 84426-008.
  50. Borman, W. C. & Motowidlo, S. M.(1993). Expanding the Criterion Domain to Include Elements of Contextual Performance. Psychology Faculty Publications, 1111.
  51. Boyatzis, R. E.(1982). The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance, New York: John Wiley.
  52. Choi, K. D., & Kim Y. M.(2015). The Effect of Business Incubator Manager Capability on the Firm's Management Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Role of Support Services Factor. Journal of Industrial Economics and Business (JIEB). 28(1), 551-574.
  53. Choi, K. D., Kim Y. M., & Jo, I. S.(2015). An Effect of Employment Stability by Business Incubator Manager on Performance by Business Incubation. Asia-Pacific journal of business venturing and entrepreneurship. 10(1), 13-21. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.10.1.201502.13
  54. Choi, K. S.(2010). Development of the College Curriculum using the Competency-based Model. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association. 10(1), 13-21.
  55. Choi, M. S.(2017). Convergence Study about Awareness toward communication, Communication ability and Self-efficacy : Centered on the 'S' University college students. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology (JCIT). 7(6), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.22156/CS4SMB.2017.7.6.079
  56. Chung, D. Y., Kim, C. K., & Roh, K. H.(2008). The quality of LMX in business incubator center , upon the job satisfaction, the organization commitment and deviation intention. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity (JKES), 3(1), 133-153.
  57. Coleman, V. I. & Borman, W. C.(2000). Investigating the underlying structure of the citizenship performance domain, Human Resource Management Review, 10(1), 25-44 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00037-6
  58. Feltz, D. L., & Lirgg, C. D.(1998). Perceived team and player efficacy in hockey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 557-564. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.4.557
  59. Gist, M. E., Stevens, C. K., & Bavetta, A. G.(1991). Effects of self-efficacy and post-training intervention on the acquisition and maintenance of complex interpersonal skills. Personal Psychology, 44, 837-861.
  60. Ha, S. J.(2000). The Behavioral Analysis and Operational Strategy of College Venture Incubation Center. Journal of Korean National Economy. 9(2), 237-266.
  61. Hackman, J. L., & Oldham, G. R.(1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159- 170. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076546
  62. Hackman, J. L., & Oldham, G. R.(1976). Motivationthrough the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250- 279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
  63. Hong, D. U., Lee, I. H., & Son, J. S.(2017). A Study on the Effects of Support Service of Gyeonggi-do Cultural Contents Area Business Incubating Center on Corporate Performance: Focusing on the Business Validity of Business Start-Up Items. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship(APJBVE), 12(4), 47-60. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.12.4.201708.47
  64. Hur, G. H.(2003). Construction and Validation of a Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies (KJJCS). 47(6), 380-408.
  65. Hwang, B. Y., &Kim, J. H.(2016). Impact of Start-Up Incubator Service On the Start-up Performance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship(APJBVE), 11(5), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.11.5.201610.57
  66. Hyeun, M. S., Jo, I. S., & An, S. B.(2017). An Effect of Employment Stability by Business Incubator Manager on Performance by Business Incubation. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity (JKES). 12(2), 126-154. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2017.12.2.126
  67. Jason, A. C., Michael, J. W., & Jeffery, A. L.,(2015). Organizational Behavior: Improving Performance 4th Edition, Seoul:McGraw Hil Education Korea, 32-103.
  68. Jeong, H. J.(2005). A Study on Characteristics of BI Manager to affect Performance of Business Incubator. Journal of Human Resource Management Research, 12(4), 147-163.
  69. Jung, H. W., Lee, H. Y., & Hong, J. B.(2018). The Effects of Servant Leadership of Business Incubator's Manager on Manager Satisfaction and Firm's Performance : The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy. Korean Journal of Business Administration (KJBA), 31(3), 667-691.
  70. Jeon Y. U., & Kim J. M.(2005). Developing a Core Competency Model for Human Resource Development Practitioners in Corporate. Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development, 37(2), 2005.06111-137, 27.
  71. Kim, B. Y.(2007). A Study on the Evaluation for Business Incubator Using the AHP. Master's thesis, Halla University Graduate School of Information Industry.
  72. Kim, D. E., & Jeon, I. O.(2015). Effects of the founder's abilities of the business incubator center to the performance of the resident enterprises. Korean Corporation Management Review, 22(6), 71-85.
  73. Kim, H. J., Kim, H. C., & Jang, J. S.(2012). A Study on the Effects of Competency Characteristics of BI Manager of Business Incubator on the Firm 's Performance. Korean Management Consulting Review (KMCR), 12(4), 35-54.
  74. Kim, H. J., Kim, H. C., & Yoon, J. R.(2012). A Study on the Effects of Business Incubator Center Characteristics of Business Performance. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity(JKES), 7(1), 51-76. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2012.7.1.51
  75. Kim, J. H.(2016). The effects of job competency of business incubator manager with the moderating of the job commitment on the job satisfaction. Master's thesis. Hanbat University Graduate School of Entrepreneurship Management.
  76. Kim, M. S., & Park, S. C.(2010). Determinants and Outcomes of Self-efficacy. GRI REVIEW, 12(2), 5-34.
  77. Kim, M. Y.(2012). A Study on the Influence of Job Stress of Local Public Officials on Job Satisfaction and Job Commitment. Master's thesis, Graduate School of Public Administration.
  78. Kim, Y. M., & Kang, T. G.(2017). A Study on the Essential Capabilities that Business Incubation Managers Should Be Equipped with from the Viewpoint of Consumers of Business Incubation. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity(JKES), 12(5), 129-154. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2017.12.5.129
  79. Korea Business Incubation Association.(2016). Business Incubation Manager Manual. KOBIA(Korea Business Incubation Association), 85-145.
  80. Korea Business Incubation Association.(2020). National Incubator Center Status. Retrieved from https://www.bi.go.kr/incu/center/list.do.
  81. Korean society for learning and performance.(2010). HRD(Human Resources Development) INDEX. Central Economy Co., Ltd.
  82. Kwon, S. C.(2004). The Determinants of Individual Job Performance of the Employees at a University Hospital in Korea. Master's thesis, Yonsei University Graduate School.
  83. Kwon, S. J., & Chung, J. Y.(2016). A Study on the Effect of Business Incubator Manager's Capabilities, Management/Law Support, and Founder's Capabilities on the Start-Up Performance. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity(JKES), 11(4), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2016.11.4.67
  84. Lee K. C., Seo, Y. W., & Hahn, M. H.(2009). Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Ubiquitous DSS on Task Performance, Job Involvement, and Decision Quality Through Individual Absorptive Capacity. korean management review, 38(5). 1307-1328.
  85. Lee, M. H.(2004). The effect of self-efficacy on organizational commitment. Master's thesis. Korea University Graduate School.
  86. Lee, O. C.(2014). Effects of Safety Education on the Public Safety Consciousness Index(PSCI) and Self-efficacy of the Emergency Response in University Students. Crisisonomy, 10(10), 1-18.
  87. Lee, S. H., & Ryu, C. R.(2020). A Study of the Effects of Taking Communicative Competence Class on Communication Ability, Self-Efficacy, Speech Ability and Empathic Ability. Journal of Speech, Media and Communication Research (JSMCR), 19(3), 155-185.
  88. McClelland, D. C.(1973). Testing for Competence rather than for Intelligence. American Psychologist, Jan. 1-14.
  89. Mayuri. H.(2020). Business Incubators: Meaning, Definition, Services, Development and Types, https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/
  90. Moon, H. J., Choi, K. W., Hong, K. H., Lee, G. S., & Son, C. G.(2007). A research for self-supporting management of business incubation center in region. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship(APJBVE), 2(1), 1-14.
  91. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., & Steers, R. M. (1982). Employee-Organization Linkage: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover, New York: Academic Press.
  92. Oh, H. S.(2007). Analysis of critiques and critical issues on competency-based human resource development. Korean Business Education Review, 47, 191-213(p23).
  93. Papa, M. J.(1989). Communicator competence and employee performance with new technology: a case study. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 55, 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417948909372779
  94. Park, D. Y., & Ha, K. S.(2014). Performance of Business Incubator According to Operating System and Manager Characteristic. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 15(12), 7118-7133. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.12.7118
  95. Park, J. G., & Yoo, W. J.(2007). Management Efficiency Measurement for BIs using the DEA Model - Focusing on the BIs designated by SMBA. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity (JKES). 2(1), 121-138. https://doi.org/10.24878/TKES.2007.2.1.121
  96. Park, J. Y.(1999). A Study on the Nature and Success Factors of Business Incubator. Social Science Journal. 17, 275-296.
  97. Park, M. H., & Yang, D. W.(2011). The Empirical Study on Relationship Between Evaluation Index Characteristics for Occupancy of Business Incubator(BI) and BI Performance : focused on the Moderating Effect of BI Competence. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 12(1), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2011.12.1.233
  98. Parry, S. R.(1996, July). The quest for competencies. Training, 48-56.
  99. Prahalad, C. K. & Hamel G.(1990). The Core Competence of the Corporation(HBR, 1990).
  100. Rubin, R. B.(1990). Communication competence. In G. M. Phillips& J. T. Wood(Eds.), Speech communication: Essays to, commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Speech Communication Association, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. 94-129.
  101. Sae, J. H.(2002). The effects of individual tendency and organizational experience on the development of career commitment, team commitment, and organizational commitment. Journal of Organization and Management, 26, 61-87.
  102. Small and Medium Business Administration.(2016). Business Incubation Support System Comprehensive Innovation Plan for Business Incubation Support System. Retrieved from http://www.bi.go.kr.
  103. Smilor, R. W.(1987b). Managing the Incubator System: Critical Success Factors to Accelerate New Company Development, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management EM-34(4), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.1987.6498875
  104. Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M.(1993). Competence at Work, New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  105. Stjkovic, A., & Luthans, F.(1998). Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 240-261. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.240
  106. Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P.(1993). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, and Turnover: Path Analyses based on Meta-analytic Findings. Personnel Psychology, l46(2), 259-293
  107. Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A.(1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment: An interpretive model of intrinsic task motivation. The Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 666-681. https://doi.org/10.2307/258687
  108. Vroom, V. H.(1964), Work and Motivation, New York: Wiley, 1964.
  109. Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V.(1986). Measurement of business performance in strategy research: A comparison of approaches. Academy of management review, 11(4), 801-814. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1986.4283976
  110. Wernerfelt, B.(1984). A Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 170-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
  111. Woo, S. M.(2002). A study on the role of the Business Incubator's manager. Korea University Graduate School, 31, 285-300.
  112. Yoon, J. R., Kim, H. C., & Kim, H. J.(2011). The Effect of Business Incubator Manager Capability and supporting system on the Firm's management performance. DAEHAN Association of Business Administration, 2011(10), 90-105.