Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Nutritional status and metabolic syndrome risk according to the dietary pattern of adult single-person household, based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

국민건강영양조사 자료에 의한 식이 패턴별 1인 가구의 영양 상태와 대사증후군 위험도

  • Keum, Yu Been (Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Yu, Qi Ming (Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Seo, Jung-Sook (Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University)
  • Received : 2020.10.07
  • Accepted : 2021.01.04
  • Published : 2021.02.28
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Abstract

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the health, nutritional status and metabolic syndrome risk according to the dietary pattern of adult single-person households, using information obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: Data were collected from the 2013-2016 KNHANES, of adults aged 19-64 years, belonging to single-person households. Based on cluster analysis, the dietary patterns of subjects were classified into three groups. The dietary behavior factors, health-related factors, nutritional status, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome obtained from KNHANES questionnaires were compared according to the individual dietary pattern. The nutrient intake data of the subjects were calculated using the semi-food frequency questionnaire. Moreover, blood and physical measurement data of the subjects were analyzed to obtain the prevalence of metabolic syndromes. Results: The major dietary intakes of subjects were classified as 'Rice and kimchi', 'Mixed', and 'Milk·dairy products and fruits' patterns. Characteristics of subjects based on their dietary pattern, gender, age, and education level were significantly different. The 'Milk and fruits' pattern showed low frequency of skipping breakfast and eating out, and had higher intake of dietary supplements. Frequency of alcohol intake and smoking rates were highest in the 'Mixed' pattern. Maximum nutrient intake of fat, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium was obtained in the 'Milk·dairy products and fruits' pattern. According to dietary patterns adjusted for age and gender, the risk of metabolic syndrome was 0.380 times lower in the 'Milk·dairy products and fruit' pattern than in the 'Rice and kimchi' pattern. However, when adjusted for other confounding factors, no significant difference was obtained between dietary patterns for metabolic syndrome risk. Conclusion: These results indicate that the health and nutritional status of a single-person household is possibly affected by the dietary intake of subjects.

본 연구는 수행된 제6기와 제7기 1차년도 국민건강영양조사 2013-2016 자료를 이용하여 만 19-64세 성인 1인 가구의 식이 패턴에 따른 건강 및 영양상태를 조사하고 대사증후군 구성요소의 유병율과 위험도를 분석하였다. 주요 식이 패턴 도출을 위해 연구대상자의 장기간 섭취 패턴을 파악하고 만성질환과의 연관성을 평가하기에 적절한 [47] 반정량 식품섭취빈도조사지를 이용하였다. 식품섭취빈도조사지의 개별식품을 19개의 식품군으로 재분류하고 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 연구대상자들의 식이 패턴은 '밥과 김치' 패턴, '혼합식' 패턴, '유제품과 과일' 패턴의 총 3개 군집으로 추출되었다. 식이 패턴에 따른 연구대상자들의 일반적 특성은 '밥과 김치' 패턴과 '혼합식' 패턴에서 남성의 비율이 높았으며, 여성의 비율은 '유제품과 과일' 패턴에서 높았다. 연령은 '혼합식' 패턴은 19-29세가 많았으며, '유제품과 과일' 패턴은 50-64세가 많았다. 교육수준도 식이 패턴 간에 차이를 보였는데, '밥과 김치' 패턴에서 저학력 비율이 높은 반면 '유제품과 과일' 패턴은 고학력 비율이 높았다. 식생활 관련 요인을 비교한 결과, '혼합식' 패턴에서 아침 결식과 외식 비율이 높았으며, '유제품과 과일' 패턴은 식이보충제 이용이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 건강관련 요인을 분석한 결과, '혼합식' 패턴에서 높은 음주 빈도와 흡연 비율을 보였고, EQ-5D index는 '밥과 김치' 패턴에서 낮은 점수를 보였다. 영양소 섭취량을 비교한 결과에서 탄수화물 섭취량은 '밥과 김치' 패턴에서 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 그 외 지방, 비타민 A, 리보플라빈, 비타민 C, 나이아신, 칼슘, 인, 칼륨은 모두 '유제품과 과일' 패턴에서 섭취량이 가장 높았다. 본 연구에서는 식이 패턴에 따른 대사증후군 위험요소 위험도를 파악하기 위해 교란변수들을 차례로 보정한 후 분석을 실시하였다. 허리둘레와 중성지방은 기준치 이상이 될 위험도가 연령과 성별을 보정한 후에도 '유제품과 과일' 패턴에서 기준식이 패턴인 '밥과 김치' 패턴에 비해 각각 0.217배, 0.444배로 낮아졌으나 BMI, 폐경, 흡연상태, 음주, 에너지 섭취량을 보정한 후에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다 '밥과 김치' 패턴을 기준으로 대사증후군의 위험도를 비교하였을 때, 보정하지 않은 Model 1에서는 '유제품과 과일' 패턴에서 대사증후군 위험이 0.395배 (95% CI = 0.204-0.763)로 낮아 유의한 차이를 보였다. 교란변수를 차례로 보정한 후 식이 패턴이 대사증후군 위험도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과에서는 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 현재 지속적으로 1인 가구가 증가하고 있는 추세로 보아 1인 가구에 대한 실태 파악은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 1인 가구의 식이 섭취 현황을 기반으로 한 특성을 다양하게 고려하여 대상별 영양관리 프로그램을 맞춤형으로 실시한다면 이들의 건강 및 영양관리가 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

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