한국환경보건학회지 (Journal of Environmental Health Sciences)

  • 제47권6호
  • /
  • Pages.513-520
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  • 2021
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  • 1738-4087(pISSN)
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  • 2233-8616(eISSN)
한국환경보건학회 (Korean Society of Environmental Health)
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염화벤잘코늄(Benzalkonium chloride) 살균제의 용도 및 건강 위험에 대한 고찰 - 가습기 살균제를 중심으로

A Review on the Health Risks Associated with the Use of Products Containing Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC), Focusing on Humidifier Disinfectant Products

  • 김지원 (존스 홉킨스 대학교 인류학과) ;
  • 조경이 (서울대학교 보건대학원 환경보건학과) ;
  • 김하나 (서울대학교 보건대학원 보건학과) ;
  • 박동욱 (한국방송통신대학교 보건환경학과)
  • Kim, Jiwon (Department of Anthropology, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts & Sciences, Johns Hopkins University) ;
  • Zoh, Kyung Ehi (Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Hana (Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Dong-Uk (Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University)
  • 투고 : 2021.09.28
  • 심사 : 2021.11.29
  • 발행 : 2021.12.31
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초록

Background: Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) has been extensively used as a preservative in industrial products and in hygiene, medical, and cosmetic applications. Humidifier disinfectant (HD) products containing BKC have been used in South Korea. Objectives: This study was aimed to review types of products containing BKC, to summarize the regulations in the US, EU, Japan, and South Korea, and to review the health effects associated with the use of HD. Methods: We reviewed and summarized documents which were searched through PubMed and Google Scholar with the key words: BKC and asthma/contact dermatitis, humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI), and more. Results: Regulations in most countries including South Korea do not allow its use as disinfectants in spray-type of products for medicine, cosmetics, and household products. Two types of HD containing BKC (800~1,270 ppm) were marketed in South Korea from 1996~2003. Health effects reported from people who used products containing BKC were allergic contact dermatitis, erythema, and respiratory disease, including asthma. Two people who responded as HD users containing BKC only were confirmed to have developed asthma. HD-associated lung injury (HDLI) was reported by consumers who used both HD containing polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and HD containing BKC. Conclusions: In conclusion, the use of BKC as a biocide has to be controlled considering the route and pattern of exposure. Products containing BKC as preservatives were reviewed with exposure routes and sites in the human body such as skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. HD containing BKC was clinically evaluated to be associated with asthma.

키워드

참고문헌

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